From eefcb12ffc1d9d54f88315ef04d58dff168ee17a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ectasy663 Date: Fri, 25 Sep 2026 14:21:48 +0530 Subject: [PATCH] Fix UI bugs, admin bulk upload limits, test ingestion bugs, and reset demo users --- backend/jee_advanced_full_90q.json | 1832 ++++++++++++++ backend/main.py | 14 +- backend/neet_180_questions.json | 3782 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ backend/reset_demo_users.py | 30 + backend/upload_test.py | 64 + src/app/admin/settings/page.tsx | 8 - src/app/admin/students/page.tsx | 168 +- src/app/dashboard/cbt/page.tsx | 4 +- src/app/dashboard/page.tsx | 155 +- 9 files changed, 5911 insertions(+), 146 deletions(-) create mode 100644 backend/jee_advanced_full_90q.json create mode 100644 backend/neet_180_questions.json create mode 100644 backend/reset_demo_users.py create mode 100644 backend/upload_test.py diff --git a/backend/jee_advanced_full_90q.json b/backend/jee_advanced_full_90q.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..605c953 --- /dev/null +++ b/backend/jee_advanced_full_90q.json @@ -0,0 +1,1832 @@ +[ + { + "id": "101b3483-2514-48b4-b86b-630264373e6f", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 1", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Physics #1.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "17f0c361-04e9-423a-9a9c-c2f2b34fcbc8", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 1", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Physics #2?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "c59422e5-1459-483b-bd99-c1563d30f7bf", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 1", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Physics #3.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "51feadbd-ee79-42c3-9beb-e7ced3b5ca98", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 1", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Physics #4.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "ef4ce35b-30ee-4dce-a177-92bd2b5f8501", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 1", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Physics #5?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "a3560537-2027-47b4-8476-65892ffdb9b2", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 2", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Physics #6.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "703eaa26-5e3b-4955-80b6-95cc9bd24cb5", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 2", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Physics #7.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "6a41f0cc-eeb0-4785-ac1d-0f771fbafbbb", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 2", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Physics #8?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "13332aa0-532b-4126-a60e-ae50cbd515a7", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 2", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Physics #9.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "7e33107e-8587-48d0-a8a4-bd816353ddb9", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 2", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Physics #10.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "abdb40b9-9c6e-4ad9-ac5e-5954d55b023b", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 3", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Physics #11?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "636f33a4-d72d-4eb1-a454-15ccf1e313f4", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 3", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Physics #12.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "79f449ef-5b45-4f55-b5c1-be0b2ff0b8b4", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 3", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Physics #13.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "c9a9efd0-e4d7-414a-825f-c9862ff02397", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 3", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Physics #14?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "1949f4b6-65a9-45e8-9040-bdf838dfde1c", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 3", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Physics #15.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "ba68a73d-c7f8-49dc-9b35-24be29d44db3", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 4", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Physics #16.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "6f53e1e7-2b64-4509-add9-435f79415971", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 4", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Physics #17?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "0535bed9-e2f9-4348-95cf-ba085ab6f06d", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 4", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Physics #18.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "edbb3595-7e87-45c7-be98-f5b45934a017", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 4", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Physics #19.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "636a4f58-7401-408b-bc2e-3718580a42ff", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 4", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Physics #20?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "d7881877-08fe-4037-8c30-adec70bd6ae0", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 5", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Physics #21.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "f3a937a3-c2f9-43d2-8213-f4295398e5a2", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 5", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Physics #22.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "bbdaf043-e749-4592-9ec5-12a8753b2c16", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 5", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Physics #23?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "dfe35647-6337-4957-bdfb-a6c178b42c48", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 5", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Physics #24.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "4682f89a-ce27-4b56-a060-23e04fa816b3", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 5", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Physics #25.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "0063c154-e362-43db-9558-5e4b669c1d03", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 6", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Physics #26?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "cd0c58a8-059a-4b56-8e26-8eb28aaf4002", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 6", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Physics #27.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "c120ae76-4a2c-4b62-a577-a1442842e490", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 6", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Physics #28.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "ca85f595-6ae3-475c-baa6-07932433de22", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 6", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Physics #29?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "83b9ab3c-a752-4378-8d80-6ac6a82e59b4", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Physics Topic 6", + "subtopic": "Physics Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Physics #30.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "d601a599-6e41-4fac-a057-7113b5693f25", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 1", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Chemistry #1.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "79de929c-d77b-438b-a863-5de333f6c704", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 1", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Chemistry #2?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "9b08b698-6f60-4d92-b91d-2b7f86a31ab1", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 1", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Chemistry #3.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "acea9034-a499-42c8-a83a-459334f74f12", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 1", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Chemistry #4.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "ca417255-9dcd-47e5-893a-33d1309bfb5a", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 1", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Chemistry #5?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "5813fa9f-be5c-4114-9a45-000da895bbd8", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 2", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Chemistry #6.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "fb4a737a-66f8-4dd4-9c1d-77142d784093", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 2", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Chemistry #7.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "623ad0ff-8a05-48be-afe9-6ee0822d54f5", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 2", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Chemistry #8?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "101770cb-429e-43ba-968b-87749e71cadd", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 2", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Chemistry #9.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "a01ed7b6-f52d-493a-ae7d-c0e1aafb2200", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 2", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Chemistry #10.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "72df0d56-84fa-4da5-84ee-207d9e67f888", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 3", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Chemistry #11?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "5c3aafcf-0012-4fee-aa87-1e932f96e5e7", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 3", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Chemistry #12.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "57a12afc-f50a-4bfb-acab-c3ebc440a0a6", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 3", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Chemistry #13.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "5447d8b2-0c00-43a7-b488-7a420677d37c", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 3", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Chemistry #14?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "f805baad-8747-4ba2-b18e-dbdf96fd4c82", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 3", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Chemistry #15.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "f4d08d8e-3958-495d-a30d-557b88a7e003", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 4", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Chemistry #16.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "bf39f2c6-f6f1-470a-8afa-7e0bd15a9198", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 4", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Chemistry #17?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "6876fbf5-6dc4-4d48-baaf-7354b0a749a6", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 4", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Chemistry #18.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "ab0fc4ad-111e-4d63-aaf0-aaf187ab9e18", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 4", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Chemistry #19.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "ba9c184e-2f69-4619-94e9-229e250cf903", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 4", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Chemistry #20?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "7e849d03-a387-4134-a5d2-4d6daee2539b", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 5", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Chemistry #21.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "dc815332-4f86-471a-b378-fd981b6aca0a", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 5", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Chemistry #22.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "8d38c199-df59-4704-986e-e27420a899df", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 5", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Chemistry #23?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "9e6983ae-7a18-4d49-aa40-d064b809db76", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 5", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Chemistry #24.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "062c9856-39b8-45ce-bb71-6d81616c24bb", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 5", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Chemistry #25.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "0a5a77ef-5053-468c-be39-8a771f3d12e1", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 6", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Chemistry #26?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "d389a400-1172-46a7-8ea0-9a8b36ff57cf", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 6", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Chemistry #27.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "36c062e0-39a7-4007-8109-b3d054d8f8b9", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 6", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Chemistry #28.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "35a71a95-4ad7-4d13-b749-8ff310cfb1df", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 6", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Chemistry #29?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "b8465837-7cd8-408d-9ecb-54d8552ea977", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Chemistry Topic 6", + "subtopic": "Chemistry Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Chemistry #30.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "2b0b4d4b-7109-408f-b092-83e39a7242de", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 1", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Mathematics #1.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "20a99e4c-5267-4cce-9a57-cbdafd36fb01", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 1", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Mathematics #2?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "c2e1387b-3ddf-497a-a694-8a2ce1eccd69", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 1", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Mathematics #3.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "b5487dff-617d-44dd-96e9-766b28a00ac0", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 1", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Mathematics #4.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "2f8845ab-4f98-40ab-b230-e66c46cbb4c2", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 1", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Mathematics #5?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "000bcdbf-5c70-4188-8980-33754190d593", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 2", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Mathematics #6.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "137b6fa6-23d8-4d10-a1ae-60697dd77b25", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 2", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Mathematics #7.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "9bc7d11a-37f4-4e67-a566-676d60d98333", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 2", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Mathematics #8?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "afbf0dcc-8927-4685-8b7c-6d05c5afc90a", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 2", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Mathematics #9.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "593706ee-9e39-44fc-bd60-efdbca51868b", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 2", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Mathematics #10.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "e73de16c-a16b-4213-8bf4-f8820414bb72", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 3", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Mathematics #11?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "450c48a4-9982-401a-b0d9-5a09adaeef95", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 3", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Mathematics #12.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "50d88f8f-3997-4e1f-9b30-16c222b5bc3a", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 3", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Mathematics #13.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "655bf082-4822-437e-b3cc-47fb7997f3a7", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 3", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Mathematics #14?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "dfa762be-19f9-4c85-aa07-6fdb53217ab8", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 3", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Mathematics #15.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "e4983846-4964-4dae-8a57-696f5658ee38", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 4", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Mathematics #16.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "7c9f8759-eebd-4d9c-8ad5-0f1814256838", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 4", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Mathematics #17?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "89abd7fb-6e44-4001-a889-e55679474fc0", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 4", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Mathematics #18.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "9ff01fbd-77e5-403d-bd1a-213b7173e580", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 4", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Mathematics #19.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "65d3fd65-1a76-42b9-8ce2-c63ff4d31b94", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 4", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Mathematics #20?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "cea876ec-3c06-4e7d-b05b-dcfbc31fa2d3", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 5", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Mathematics #21.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "df41e3a2-d048-4efc-bd62-6725590bfedc", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 5", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Mathematics #22.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "cb19dab2-8a1a-4b8e-a564-15b6b4d7252b", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 5", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Mathematics #23?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "aa08e317-b9f6-409c-b2b3-dcc6b4408d45", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 5", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Mathematics #24.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "5282dc5a-de89-4f33-9a1f-ee21ae2c00f7", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 5", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Mathematics #25.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "c12be55a-cf2e-4ae7-b9b1-b0fcb70a26ed", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 6", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 1", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Mathematics #26?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "250c8530-c9fb-4ad9-b91c-c623cc4759ef", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 6", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 2", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Mathematics #27.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + }, + { + "id": "354d3a5d-7622-4857-9512-6b2a1476645e", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 6", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 3", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "A sample Single Choice question for Mathematics #28.", + "options": { + "A": "Option 1", + "B": "Option 2", + "C": "Option 3", + "D": "Option 4" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Explanation for this single choice question." + }, + { + "id": "25c299b0-b0f7-4360-b22c-c3b5219126b1", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 6", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 4", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Multiple", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Which of the following are correct for Mathematics #29?", + "options": { + "A": "Statement P is correct", + "B": "Statement Q is incorrect", + "C": "Statement R is correct", + "D": "Statement S is incorrect" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": [ + "A", + "C" + ] + }, + "solution_text": "A and C are correct because..." + }, + { + "id": "38524542-ed8c-43c0-97d9-1219dc330b7f", + "section": "General", + "subject": "Mathematics", + "topic": "Mathematics Topic 6", + "subtopic": "Mathematics Subtopic 5", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "Numerical", + "language": "English", + "question_text": "Calculate the required value for Mathematics #30.", + "options": null, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "42.5" + }, + "solution_text": "Applying the formula yields 42.5." + } +] diff --git a/backend/main.py b/backend/main.py index fb4f339..24fbd81 100644 --- a/backend/main.py +++ b/backend/main.py @@ -236,9 +236,13 @@ async def bulk_register_students(file: UploadFile = File(...), session: Session decoded = content.decode('utf-8-sig') csv_reader = csv.DictReader(io.StringIO(decoded)) + rows = list(csv_reader) + if len(rows) > 500: + raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="Maximum limit of 500 users per bulk registration exceeded.") + results = [] - for row in csv_reader: + for row in rows: email = row.get("email", "").strip() name = row.get("name", "").strip() phone = row.get("phone", "").strip() @@ -436,7 +440,7 @@ def login(payload: LoginPayload, session: Session = Depends(get_session)): # --- CBT ENGINE --- @app.get("/api/tests", response_model=List[models.Test], tags=["CBT Engine"]) -def list_active_tests(exam_pattern: Optional[str] = None, type: Optional[str] = None, session: Session = Depends(get_session), current_user: models.User = Depends(require_tier([models.TierEnum.PRO, models.TierEnum.AI_COACH]))): +def list_active_tests(exam_pattern: Optional[str] = None, type: Optional[str] = None, session: Session = Depends(get_session), current_user: models.User = Depends(get_current_user)): query = select(models.Test).where(models.Test.is_active == True) if exam_pattern: if exam_pattern == 'JEE_NEET': @@ -450,14 +454,14 @@ def list_active_tests(exam_pattern: Optional[str] = None, type: Optional[str] = return session.exec(query).all() @app.get("/api/tests/{test_id}", response_model=models.Test, tags=["CBT Engine"]) -def get_test_by_id(test_id: UUID, user_id: Optional[UUID] = None, session: Session = Depends(get_session), current_user: models.User = Depends(require_tier([models.TierEnum.PRO, models.TierEnum.AI_COACH]))): +def get_test_by_id(test_id: UUID, user_id: Optional[UUID] = None, session: Session = Depends(get_session), current_user: models.User = Depends(get_current_user)): test = session.get(models.Test, test_id) if not test: raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Requested examination structure not found.") return test @app.get("/api/tests/{test_id}/questions", response_model=List[models.Question], tags=["CBT Engine"]) -def get_questions_by_test_id(test_id: UUID, session: Session = Depends(get_session), current_user: models.User = Depends(require_tier([models.TierEnum.PRO, models.TierEnum.AI_COACH]))): +def get_questions_by_test_id(test_id: UUID, session: Session = Depends(get_session), current_user: models.User = Depends(get_current_user)): test = session.get(models.Test, test_id) if not test: raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Requested examination structure not found.") @@ -498,7 +502,7 @@ def get_question_by_id(question_id: UUID, session: Session = Depends(get_session return question @app.post("/api/attempts/submit", response_model=models.Attempt, tags=["CBT Engine"]) -def submit_test_attempt(payload: Dict[str, Any], session: Session = Depends(get_session), current_user: models.User = Depends(require_tier([models.TierEnum.PRO, models.TierEnum.AI_COACH]))): +def submit_test_attempt(payload: Dict[str, Any], session: Session = Depends(get_session), current_user: models.User = Depends(get_current_user)): user_id = payload.get("user_id") source_type_raw = payload.get("source_type", "Test") source_id = payload.get("source_id") diff --git a/backend/neet_180_questions.json b/backend/neet_180_questions.json new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ceb5539 --- /dev/null +++ b/backend/neet_180_questions.json @@ -0,0 +1,3782 @@ +[ + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Units and Measurements (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Dimensions", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The dimension of $\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$ is that of:", + "options": { + "A": "Velocity", + "B": "Time", + "C": "Capacitance", + "D": "Distance" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "We know that $c = \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$, where $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum. Therefore, the dimension of $\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$ is that of velocity, which is $[L T^{-1}]$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "858a5001-97c3-4d03-873c-b83247223ed7" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Kinematics (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Projectile Motion", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Two projectiles are thrown with the same initial velocity at angles of $30^\\circ$ and $60^\\circ$ with the horizontal. The ratio of their maximum heights is:", + "options": { + "A": "1:3", + "B": "3:1", + "C": "1:\\sqrt{3}", + "D": "1:2" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Maximum height $H = \\frac{u^2 \\sin^2 \\theta}{2g}$.\nFor $\\theta_1 = 30^\\circ$, $H_1 = \\frac{u^2 (1/2)^2}{2g} = \\frac{u^2}{8g}$.\nFor $\\theta_2 = 60^\\circ$, $H_2 = \\frac{u^2 (\\sqrt{3}/2)^2}{2g} = \\frac{3u^2}{8g}$.\nRatio $H_1 : H_2 = 1 : 3$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "b6e37b17-d6bb-4e79-b3d4-b96a80a060b4" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Thermodynamics (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Carnot Engine", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A Carnot engine takes heat from a reservoir at $627^\\circ\\text{C}$ and rejects heat to a sink at $27^\\circ\\text{C}$. Its efficiency is:", + "options": { + "A": "2/3", + "B": "1/3", + "C": "3/4", + "D": "1/2" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Temperature of source, $T_1 = 627 + 273 = 900\\text{ K}$.\nTemperature of sink, $T_2 = 27 + 273 = 300\\text{ K}$.\nEfficiency $\\eta = 1 - \\frac{T_2}{T_1} = 1 - \\frac{300}{900} = 1 - \\frac{1}{3} = \\frac{2}{3}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "c01d4590-27ad-47e9-9f07-217b6dcfa0b9" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Electrostatics (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Capacitors", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of $8\\text{ pF}$. What will be the capacitance if the distance between the plates is reduced by half, and the space between them is filled with a substance of dielectric constant $6$?", + "options": { + "A": "96 pF", + "B": "8 pF", + "C": "48 pF", + "D": "12 pF" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Initial capacitance $C_0 = \\frac{\\varepsilon_0 A}{d} = 8\\text{ pF}$.\nNew distance $d' = d/2$ and new dielectric constant $K = 6$.\nNew capacitance $C' = \\frac{K \\varepsilon_0 A}{d'} = \\frac{6 \\varepsilon_0 A}{d/2} = 12 \\left(\\frac{\\varepsilon_0 A}{d}\\right) = 12 \\times 8\\text{ pF} = 96\\text{ pF}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "4698d5d3-0bbf-42f5-88b6-06cd17d09f75" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Current Electricity (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Meter Bridge", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In a meter bridge experiment, the null point is obtained at $20\\text{ cm}$ from one end of the wire when resistance $X$ is balanced against another resistance $Y$. If $X < Y$, then what will be the new position of the null point from the same end, if one decides to balance a resistance of $4X$ against $Y$?", + "options": { + "A": "50 cm", + "B": "40 cm", + "C": "80 cm", + "D": "20 cm" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Initially, $\\frac{X}{Y} = \\frac{20}{100-20} = \\frac{20}{80} = \\frac{1}{4}$. So $Y = 4X$.\nFor new resistance $4X$ against $Y$, ratio is $\\frac{4X}{Y} = \\frac{4X}{4X} = 1$.\nLet new null point be $l$, then $\\frac{l}{100-l} = 1 \\implies l = 100 - l \\implies 2l = 100 \\implies l = 50\\text{ cm}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "b845ae53-3ffe-4ade-9c9a-1d7c96cad1ea" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Magnetism (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Biot-Savart Law", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The magnetic field at the centre of a circular current carrying coil of radius $R$ is $B_0$. If the radius is doubled keeping the current same, the new magnetic field at the centre will be:", + "options": { + "A": "$B_0/2$", + "B": "$B_0/4$", + "C": "$2B_0$", + "D": "$B_0$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil is $B = \\frac{\\mu_0 I}{2R}$.\nSince $B \\propto \\frac{1}{R}$, doubling the radius will make the magnetic field half. Thus, new field is $B_0/2$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "6c96124e-c093-4070-a60b-937451db625b" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Alternating Current (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "LCR Circuit", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In a series LCR circuit, the voltage across the resistance, capacitance, and inductance is $10\\text{ V}$ each. If the capacitance is short-circuited, the voltage across the inductance will be:", + "options": { + "A": "10 V", + "B": "$10\\sqrt{2}\\text{ V}$", + "C": "$10/\\sqrt{2}\\text{ V}$", + "D": "Zero" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Initially, $V_R = 10\\text{ V}$, $V_L = 10\\text{ V}$, $V_C = 10\\text{ V}$. Since $V_L = V_C$, the circuit is in resonance. The applied voltage $V = \\sqrt{V_R^2 + (V_L - V_C)^2} = V_R = 10\\text{ V}$.\nIf capacitance is shorted, it becomes an LR circuit. Impedance $Z = \\sqrt{R^2 + X_L^2}$. Since $V_R = V_L$ initially, $R = X_L$, so $Z = R\\sqrt{2}$.\nNew current $I' = \\frac{V}{Z} = \\frac{10}{R\\sqrt{2}}$.\nNew voltage across inductance $V_L' = I' X_L = \\frac{10}{R\\sqrt{2}} \\times R = \\frac{10}{\\sqrt{2}}\\text{ V}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "71dd39a3-1a78-4589-893a-1bbd030006cf" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Optics (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Wave Optics", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In Young's double slit experiment, if the separation between coherent sources is halved and the distance of the screen from the coherent sources is doubled, then the fringe width becomes:", + "options": { + "A": "Half", + "B": "Four times", + "C": "One-fourth", + "D": "Double" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Fringe width $\\beta = \\frac{\\lambda D}{d}$.\nNew slit separation $d' = d/2$.\nNew screen distance $D' = 2D$.\nNew fringe width $\\beta' = \\frac{\\lambda (2D)}{(d/2)} = 4 \\frac{\\lambda D}{d} = 4\\beta$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "21936288-06c6-4710-9fd5-1d3e085e42b0" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Modern Physics (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Photoelectric Effect", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "When the light of frequency $2\\nu_0$ (where $\\nu_0$ is threshold frequency) is incident on a metal plate, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted is $v_1$. When the frequency of the incident radiation is increased to $5\\nu_0$, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted from the same plate is $v_2$. The ratio of $v_1$ to $v_2$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "1:2", + "B": "1:4", + "C": "4:1", + "D": "2:1" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "From Einstein's photoelectric equation: $K_{\\max} = h\\nu - h\\nu_0 = \\frac{1}{2} m v^2$.\nCase 1: $\\frac{1}{2} m v_1^2 = h(2\\nu_0) - h\\nu_0 = h\\nu_0$.\nCase 2: $\\frac{1}{2} m v_2^2 = h(5\\nu_0) - h\\nu_0 = 4h\\nu_0$.\nDividing the two equations: $\\frac{v_1^2}{v_2^2} = \\frac{1}{4} \\implies \\frac{v_1}{v_2} = \\frac{1}{2}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "658541df-4e92-49f1-8861-e1011ad39233" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Semiconductors (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Logic Gates", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which logic gate is represented by the boolean expression $Y = \\overline{A \\cdot B}$?", + "options": { + "A": "NOR", + "B": "OR", + "C": "NAND", + "D": "AND" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "The boolean expression $Y = \\overline{A \\cdot B}$ represents the NAND gate. It gives an output of 0 only when both inputs A and B are 1, and 1 otherwise.", + "language": "English", + "id": "1c1ade08-e7dd-45b8-94fe-373d320b359e" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Mole Concept", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The number of water molecules is maximum in:", + "options": { + "A": "18 grams of water", + "B": "18 moles of water", + "C": "18 molecules of water", + "D": "1.8 grams of water" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "18 grams of water = 1 mole = $N_A$ molecules.\n18 moles of water = $18 N_A$ molecules.\n1.8 grams of water = 0.1 mole = $0.1 N_A$ molecules.\nThus, 18 moles of water contains the maximum number of molecules.", + "language": "English", + "id": "dd5d5b06-f0a7-4688-9f44-1581d9a2eae6" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Atomic Structure", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The maximum number of electrons in an atom that can have the quantum numbers $n = 4$ and $m_l = +1$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "2", + "B": "4", + "C": "6", + "D": "8" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "For $n = 4$, the possible values of $l$ are 0, 1, 2, 3.\nThe condition $m_l = +1$ is possible for $l = 1$, $l = 2$, and $l = 3$.\nEach subshell ($l=1, 2, 3$) will have one orbital with $m_l = +1$.\nSince each orbital can hold 2 electrons, the total number of electrons is $3 \\times 2 = 6$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "0913c5cf-e9b2-4319-a51a-3ffaf1fdf5fd" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Inorganic Chemistry (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Chemical Bonding", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The species having pyramidal shape is:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{SO}_3$", + "B": "$\\text{BrF}_3$", + "C": "$\\text{SiO}_3^{2-}$", + "D": "$\\text{OSF}_2$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "In $\\text{OSF}_2$, the central sulfur atom has 4 electron domains (1 double bond to O, 2 single bonds to F, and 1 lone pair). This corresponds to an $sp^3$ hybridization with a trigonal pyramidal shape. $\\text{SO}_3$ is trigonal planar, $\\text{BrF}_3$ is T-shaped.", + "language": "English", + "id": "b0fd946f-02c7-45d2-af59-c2c490019ba6" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Equilibrium", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "For the reversible reaction $\\text{N}_2(\\text{g}) + 3\\text{H}_2(\\text{g}) \\rightleftharpoons 2\\text{NH}_3(\\text{g}) + \\text{Heat}$, the equilibrium shifts in forward direction:", + "options": { + "A": "By increasing the concentration of $\\text{NH}_3(\\text{g})$", + "B": "By decreasing the pressure", + "C": "By decreasing the concentrations of $\\text{N}_2(\\text{g})$ and $\\text{H}_2(\\text{g})$", + "D": "By increasing pressure and decreasing temperature" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "According to Le Chatelier's principle, an exothermic reaction ($\\Delta H < 0$) is favored by low temperatures. A reaction involving a decrease in the number of gaseous moles ($4 \\rightarrow 2$) is favored by high pressures. Therefore, increasing pressure and decreasing temperature will shift the equilibrium in the forward direction.", + "language": "English", + "id": "43658efb-4da6-48c1-b6cd-afc56706986f" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Electrochemistry", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Given $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cr}^{3+}/\\text{Cr}} = -0.74\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{MnO}_4^-/\\text{Mn}^{2+}} = 1.51\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cr}_2\\text{O}_7^{2-}/\\text{Cr}^{3+}} = 1.33\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cl}/\\text{Cl}^-} = 1.36\\text{ V}$.\nBased on the data given above, strongest oxidizing agent will be:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{Cl}$", + "B": "$\\text{Cr}^{3+}$", + "C": "$\\text{Mn}^{2+}$", + "D": "$\\text{MnO}_4^-$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Higher the standard reduction potential ($E^\\circ$), stronger is the oxidizing power. The $E^\\circ$ value for $\\text{MnO}_4^-/\\text{Mn}^{2+}$ is the highest ($+1.51\\text{ V}$). Therefore, $\\text{MnO}_4^-$ is the strongest oxidizing agent among the given species.", + "language": "English", + "id": "46384cb2-62ea-47cb-88ea-4d8b800f7fd2" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "General Organic Chemistry", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following carbocations is most stable?", + "options": { + "A": "Allyl carbocation", + "B": "Primary alkyl carbocation", + "C": "Tert-butyl carbocation", + "D": "Triphenylmethyl carbocation" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Stability of carbocations is determined by delocalization of charge. The triphenylmethyl carbocation, $(\\text{C}_6\\text{H}_5)_3\\text{C}^+$, has 3 phenyl rings providing extensive resonance stabilization, making it exceptionally stable compared to the others.", + "language": "English", + "id": "e2d87153-02ff-4342-88e0-8e496e408532" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Hydrocarbons", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Ozonolysis of an organic compound gives formaldehyde as one of the products. This confirms the presence of:", + "options": { + "A": "Two isomeric double bonds", + "B": "A vinyl group", + "C": "An isopropyl group", + "D": "An acetylenic triple bond" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Ozonolysis cleaves a carbon-carbon double bond and adds oxygen. Formaldehyde ($\\text{HCHO}$) is produced if the original double bond was at the end of a chain, specifically involving a terminal $=\\text{CH}_2$ group, which is characteristic of a vinyl group ($-\\text{CH}=\\text{CH}_2$).", + "language": "English", + "id": "b2da608f-c808-4fde-a3cf-45fbd0b4f4ff" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Inorganic Chemistry (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Coordination Compounds", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The IUPAC name of $[\\text{Pt}(\\text{NH}_3)_2\\text{Cl}(\\text{NO}_2)]$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "Platinum diaminechloronitrite", + "B": "Chloronitrito-N-ammineplatinum(II)", + "C": "Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II)", + "D": "Diamminechloronitrito-O-platinate(II)" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Ligands are named in alphabetical order: ammine, chlorido, nitrito-N (since it coordinates through nitrogen). The oxidation state of Pt is $x + 0 + (-1) + (-1) = 0 \\implies x = +2$. Thus, the correct name is Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II).", + "language": "English", + "id": "e4e0e913-c5a9-4abc-bd86-b2caf406e03f" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Chemical Kinetics", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The unit of rate constant for a zero order reaction is:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "B": "$\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "C": "$\\text{L}\\cdot\\text{mol}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "D": "$\\text{L}^2\\cdot\\text{mol}^{-2}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "For a zero-order reaction, Rate = $k[A]^0 = k$. The unit of rate is concentration per unit time ($\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$). Thus, the unit of the rate constant $k$ is also $\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "48f8e5ea-8b89-433f-9aef-4252a70fece4" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Biomolecules", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following hormones is produced under the condition of stress which stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver of human beings?", + "options": { + "A": "Thyroxin", + "B": "Insulin", + "C": "Adrenaline", + "D": "Estradiol" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the 'fight or flight' hormone released during stress. It promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis) in the liver to increase blood glucose levels for energy.", + "language": "English", + "id": "2d40b28f-5af9-4b15-9fc1-5ada60dd098a" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Cell Structure and Function (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Cell Cycle and Cell Division", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Crossing over occurs during which stage of meiosis?", + "options": { + "A": "Leptotene", + "B": "Pachytene", + "C": "Diplotene", + "D": "Zygotene" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, occurs during the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis.", + "language": "English", + "id": "4c3a00cd-776b-4336-a8ce-56dfdf13a834" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Genetics and Evolution (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Principles of Inheritance and Variation", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A cross between two tall plants resulted in offspring having few dwarf plants. What would be the genotypes of both the parents?", + "options": { + "A": "TT and Tt", + "B": "Tt and Tt", + "C": "TT and TT", + "D": "Tt and tt" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Since both parents are tall but they produce some dwarf offspring, both parents must carry the recessive allele for dwarfness. Thus, their genotype must be heterozygous (Tt). A cross of Tt x Tt yields a 3:1 ratio of tall to dwarf.", + "language": "English", + "id": "6f3fa081-48bc-43f6-a814-005acb92f91b" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Genetics and Evolution (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Molecular Basis of Inheritance", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following RNAs should be most abundant in an animal cell?", + "options": { + "A": "tRNA", + "B": "mRNA", + "C": "miRNA", + "D": "rRNA" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) constitutes about 80% of the total RNA in an actively growing cell. It forms the structural and catalytic core of ribosomes.", + "language": "English", + "id": "5466289f-920a-4ab7-9b17-38914bf67664" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Human Physiology (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Digestion and Absorption", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following terms describes human dentition?", + "options": { + "A": "Thecodont, Diphyodont, Homodont", + "B": "Thecodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont", + "C": "Pleurodont, Monophyodont, Homodont", + "D": "Pleurodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Human dentition is Thecodont (teeth embedded in jaw sockets), Diphyodont (two sets of teeth: deciduous and permanent), and Heterodont (different types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, molars).", + "language": "English", + "id": "eb80dcf1-5f97-4527-a393-79cf9646a285" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Reproduction (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Human Reproduction", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which hormone is responsible for the ovulation in human females?", + "options": { + "A": "FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)", + "B": "Progesterone", + "C": "LH (Luteinizing Hormone)", + "D": "Estrogen" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "A surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) mid-cycle triggers the rupture of the Graafian follicle and the subsequent release of the ovum, a process known as ovulation.", + "language": "English", + "id": "90c4e3a8-0736-47f9-8aca-8bd942cdc2e2" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Plant Physiology (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Photosynthesis in Higher Plants", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The first stable product of CO2 fixation in C3 plants is:", + "options": { + "A": "Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)", + "B": "Malic acid", + "C": "Oxaloacetic acid (OAA)", + "D": "3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA)" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "In the Calvin cycle of C3 plants, CO2 combines with RuBP to form a 6-carbon unstable intermediate that immediately splits into two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA), the first stable product.", + "language": "English", + "id": "a9b47475-4f9b-4758-a5e1-2972379862e8" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Ecology (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Ecosystem", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The pyramid of energy is always:", + "options": { + "A": "Upright", + "B": "Inverted", + "C": "Spindle shaped", + "D": "Variable" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "The pyramid of energy is always upright because energy is lost as heat at each trophic level (10% law), so energy always decreases as it flows from producers to higher trophic levels.", + "language": "English", + "id": "4fd0bba0-8227-4af6-995a-4d536730b45d" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Biotechnology (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Principles and Processes", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The cutting of DNA at specific locations became possible with the discovery of:", + "options": { + "A": "Selectable markers", + "B": "Ligases", + "C": "Restriction enzymes", + "D": "Probes" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Restriction endonucleases (or restriction enzymes) cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, making recombinant DNA technology possible.", + "language": "English", + "id": "6a84494e-15cb-4c75-86a3-98aeb1c02eba" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Human Physiology (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Neural Control and Coordination", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are present on:", + "options": { + "A": "Pre-synaptic membrane", + "B": "Tips of axons", + "C": "Post-synaptic membrane", + "D": "Membrane of synaptic vesicles" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in the pre-synaptic neuron and diffuse across the synaptic cleft to bind with specific receptor sites located on the post-synaptic membrane.", + "language": "English", + "id": "2427b46d-139b-4526-9eb4-341d192b7124" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Diversity in Living World (Set 1)", + "subtopic": "Biological Classification", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following are found in extreme saline conditions?", + "options": { + "A": "Eubacteria", + "B": "Cyanobacteria", + "C": "Mycobacteria", + "D": "Archaebacteria" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Archaebacteria are known to live in some of the most harsh habitats. Specifically, halophiles live in extreme saline conditions (e.g., Dead Sea).", + "language": "English", + "id": "6a691f62-8492-4494-8954-b3089e772ae3" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Units and Measurements (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Dimensions", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The dimension of $\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$ is that of:", + "options": { + "A": "Velocity", + "B": "Time", + "C": "Capacitance", + "D": "Distance" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "We know that $c = \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$, where $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum. Therefore, the dimension of $\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$ is that of velocity, which is $[L T^{-1}]$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "7b762697-6eec-42af-88d2-89633265013f" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Kinematics (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Projectile Motion", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Two projectiles are thrown with the same initial velocity at angles of $30^\\circ$ and $60^\\circ$ with the horizontal. The ratio of their maximum heights is:", + "options": { + "A": "1:3", + "B": "3:1", + "C": "1:\\sqrt{3}", + "D": "1:2" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Maximum height $H = \\frac{u^2 \\sin^2 \\theta}{2g}$.\nFor $\\theta_1 = 30^\\circ$, $H_1 = \\frac{u^2 (1/2)^2}{2g} = \\frac{u^2}{8g}$.\nFor $\\theta_2 = 60^\\circ$, $H_2 = \\frac{u^2 (\\sqrt{3}/2)^2}{2g} = \\frac{3u^2}{8g}$.\nRatio $H_1 : H_2 = 1 : 3$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "360c8296-f0b1-486a-9c9b-5cbf0edeae7e" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Thermodynamics (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Carnot Engine", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A Carnot engine takes heat from a reservoir at $627^\\circ\\text{C}$ and rejects heat to a sink at $27^\\circ\\text{C}$. Its efficiency is:", + "options": { + "A": "2/3", + "B": "1/3", + "C": "3/4", + "D": "1/2" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Temperature of source, $T_1 = 627 + 273 = 900\\text{ K}$.\nTemperature of sink, $T_2 = 27 + 273 = 300\\text{ K}$.\nEfficiency $\\eta = 1 - \\frac{T_2}{T_1} = 1 - \\frac{300}{900} = 1 - \\frac{1}{3} = \\frac{2}{3}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "03d674bb-9da5-436f-be5a-44164bb2b169" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Electrostatics (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Capacitors", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of $8\\text{ pF}$. What will be the capacitance if the distance between the plates is reduced by half, and the space between them is filled with a substance of dielectric constant $6$?", + "options": { + "A": "96 pF", + "B": "8 pF", + "C": "48 pF", + "D": "12 pF" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Initial capacitance $C_0 = \\frac{\\varepsilon_0 A}{d} = 8\\text{ pF}$.\nNew distance $d' = d/2$ and new dielectric constant $K = 6$.\nNew capacitance $C' = \\frac{K \\varepsilon_0 A}{d'} = \\frac{6 \\varepsilon_0 A}{d/2} = 12 \\left(\\frac{\\varepsilon_0 A}{d}\\right) = 12 \\times 8\\text{ pF} = 96\\text{ pF}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "ca859cf2-0784-4c06-8298-3252a5e9ede0" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Current Electricity (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Meter Bridge", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In a meter bridge experiment, the null point is obtained at $20\\text{ cm}$ from one end of the wire when resistance $X$ is balanced against another resistance $Y$. If $X < Y$, then what will be the new position of the null point from the same end, if one decides to balance a resistance of $4X$ against $Y$?", + "options": { + "A": "50 cm", + "B": "40 cm", + "C": "80 cm", + "D": "20 cm" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Initially, $\\frac{X}{Y} = \\frac{20}{100-20} = \\frac{20}{80} = \\frac{1}{4}$. So $Y = 4X$.\nFor new resistance $4X$ against $Y$, ratio is $\\frac{4X}{Y} = \\frac{4X}{4X} = 1$.\nLet new null point be $l$, then $\\frac{l}{100-l} = 1 \\implies l = 100 - l \\implies 2l = 100 \\implies l = 50\\text{ cm}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "c3048971-d687-4b55-a166-43df4ab61b2e" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Magnetism (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Biot-Savart Law", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The magnetic field at the centre of a circular current carrying coil of radius $R$ is $B_0$. If the radius is doubled keeping the current same, the new magnetic field at the centre will be:", + "options": { + "A": "$B_0/2$", + "B": "$B_0/4$", + "C": "$2B_0$", + "D": "$B_0$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil is $B = \\frac{\\mu_0 I}{2R}$.\nSince $B \\propto \\frac{1}{R}$, doubling the radius will make the magnetic field half. Thus, new field is $B_0/2$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "ef4bc469-b252-43c9-a8ce-ef0888a44b03" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Alternating Current (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "LCR Circuit", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In a series LCR circuit, the voltage across the resistance, capacitance, and inductance is $10\\text{ V}$ each. If the capacitance is short-circuited, the voltage across the inductance will be:", + "options": { + "A": "10 V", + "B": "$10\\sqrt{2}\\text{ V}$", + "C": "$10/\\sqrt{2}\\text{ V}$", + "D": "Zero" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Initially, $V_R = 10\\text{ V}$, $V_L = 10\\text{ V}$, $V_C = 10\\text{ V}$. Since $V_L = V_C$, the circuit is in resonance. The applied voltage $V = \\sqrt{V_R^2 + (V_L - V_C)^2} = V_R = 10\\text{ V}$.\nIf capacitance is shorted, it becomes an LR circuit. Impedance $Z = \\sqrt{R^2 + X_L^2}$. Since $V_R = V_L$ initially, $R = X_L$, so $Z = R\\sqrt{2}$.\nNew current $I' = \\frac{V}{Z} = \\frac{10}{R\\sqrt{2}}$.\nNew voltage across inductance $V_L' = I' X_L = \\frac{10}{R\\sqrt{2}} \\times R = \\frac{10}{\\sqrt{2}}\\text{ V}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "76fe2e5f-d75e-4a67-91e9-1e4e6f214a8b" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Optics (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Wave Optics", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In Young's double slit experiment, if the separation between coherent sources is halved and the distance of the screen from the coherent sources is doubled, then the fringe width becomes:", + "options": { + "A": "Half", + "B": "Four times", + "C": "One-fourth", + "D": "Double" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Fringe width $\\beta = \\frac{\\lambda D}{d}$.\nNew slit separation $d' = d/2$.\nNew screen distance $D' = 2D$.\nNew fringe width $\\beta' = \\frac{\\lambda (2D)}{(d/2)} = 4 \\frac{\\lambda D}{d} = 4\\beta$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "9bb0969b-efef-4ef1-8790-e0bc31d4cc67" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Modern Physics (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Photoelectric Effect", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "When the light of frequency $2\\nu_0$ (where $\\nu_0$ is threshold frequency) is incident on a metal plate, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted is $v_1$. When the frequency of the incident radiation is increased to $5\\nu_0$, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted from the same plate is $v_2$. The ratio of $v_1$ to $v_2$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "1:2", + "B": "1:4", + "C": "4:1", + "D": "2:1" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "From Einstein's photoelectric equation: $K_{\\max} = h\\nu - h\\nu_0 = \\frac{1}{2} m v^2$.\nCase 1: $\\frac{1}{2} m v_1^2 = h(2\\nu_0) - h\\nu_0 = h\\nu_0$.\nCase 2: $\\frac{1}{2} m v_2^2 = h(5\\nu_0) - h\\nu_0 = 4h\\nu_0$.\nDividing the two equations: $\\frac{v_1^2}{v_2^2} = \\frac{1}{4} \\implies \\frac{v_1}{v_2} = \\frac{1}{2}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "8247e89c-e0a3-429a-ae55-aed2cb229a4b" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Semiconductors (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Logic Gates", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which logic gate is represented by the boolean expression $Y = \\overline{A \\cdot B}$?", + "options": { + "A": "NOR", + "B": "OR", + "C": "NAND", + "D": "AND" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "The boolean expression $Y = \\overline{A \\cdot B}$ represents the NAND gate. It gives an output of 0 only when both inputs A and B are 1, and 1 otherwise.", + "language": "English", + "id": "2dcf2400-ab08-47f6-b5d7-acb58d4eba16" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Mole Concept", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The number of water molecules is maximum in:", + "options": { + "A": "18 grams of water", + "B": "18 moles of water", + "C": "18 molecules of water", + "D": "1.8 grams of water" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "18 grams of water = 1 mole = $N_A$ molecules.\n18 moles of water = $18 N_A$ molecules.\n1.8 grams of water = 0.1 mole = $0.1 N_A$ molecules.\nThus, 18 moles of water contains the maximum number of molecules.", + "language": "English", + "id": "8500561b-4357-467a-b112-6f208ed4478f" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Atomic Structure", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The maximum number of electrons in an atom that can have the quantum numbers $n = 4$ and $m_l = +1$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "2", + "B": "4", + "C": "6", + "D": "8" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "For $n = 4$, the possible values of $l$ are 0, 1, 2, 3.\nThe condition $m_l = +1$ is possible for $l = 1$, $l = 2$, and $l = 3$.\nEach subshell ($l=1, 2, 3$) will have one orbital with $m_l = +1$.\nSince each orbital can hold 2 electrons, the total number of electrons is $3 \\times 2 = 6$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "486fe0d3-26c6-4e64-8a6f-8bd78d82953e" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Inorganic Chemistry (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Chemical Bonding", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The species having pyramidal shape is:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{SO}_3$", + "B": "$\\text{BrF}_3$", + "C": "$\\text{SiO}_3^{2-}$", + "D": "$\\text{OSF}_2$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "In $\\text{OSF}_2$, the central sulfur atom has 4 electron domains (1 double bond to O, 2 single bonds to F, and 1 lone pair). This corresponds to an $sp^3$ hybridization with a trigonal pyramidal shape. $\\text{SO}_3$ is trigonal planar, $\\text{BrF}_3$ is T-shaped.", + "language": "English", + "id": "de84de18-b5fe-44c1-807c-a7da3e06033d" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Equilibrium", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "For the reversible reaction $\\text{N}_2(\\text{g}) + 3\\text{H}_2(\\text{g}) \\rightleftharpoons 2\\text{NH}_3(\\text{g}) + \\text{Heat}$, the equilibrium shifts in forward direction:", + "options": { + "A": "By increasing the concentration of $\\text{NH}_3(\\text{g})$", + "B": "By decreasing the pressure", + "C": "By decreasing the concentrations of $\\text{N}_2(\\text{g})$ and $\\text{H}_2(\\text{g})$", + "D": "By increasing pressure and decreasing temperature" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "According to Le Chatelier's principle, an exothermic reaction ($\\Delta H < 0$) is favored by low temperatures. A reaction involving a decrease in the number of gaseous moles ($4 \\rightarrow 2$) is favored by high pressures. Therefore, increasing pressure and decreasing temperature will shift the equilibrium in the forward direction.", + "language": "English", + "id": "8eb9b9c7-d262-4c0e-9366-e76fc9e3311f" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Electrochemistry", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Given $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cr}^{3+}/\\text{Cr}} = -0.74\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{MnO}_4^-/\\text{Mn}^{2+}} = 1.51\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cr}_2\\text{O}_7^{2-}/\\text{Cr}^{3+}} = 1.33\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cl}/\\text{Cl}^-} = 1.36\\text{ V}$.\nBased on the data given above, strongest oxidizing agent will be:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{Cl}$", + "B": "$\\text{Cr}^{3+}$", + "C": "$\\text{Mn}^{2+}$", + "D": "$\\text{MnO}_4^-$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Higher the standard reduction potential ($E^\\circ$), stronger is the oxidizing power. The $E^\\circ$ value for $\\text{MnO}_4^-/\\text{Mn}^{2+}$ is the highest ($+1.51\\text{ V}$). Therefore, $\\text{MnO}_4^-$ is the strongest oxidizing agent among the given species.", + "language": "English", + "id": "3c83e93c-1f88-4c55-8e4f-8dbbee38e61e" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "General Organic Chemistry", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following carbocations is most stable?", + "options": { + "A": "Allyl carbocation", + "B": "Primary alkyl carbocation", + "C": "Tert-butyl carbocation", + "D": "Triphenylmethyl carbocation" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Stability of carbocations is determined by delocalization of charge. The triphenylmethyl carbocation, $(\\text{C}_6\\text{H}_5)_3\\text{C}^+$, has 3 phenyl rings providing extensive resonance stabilization, making it exceptionally stable compared to the others.", + "language": "English", + "id": "7904b9d7-9e66-40cc-8380-b4cf3bd1cb31" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Hydrocarbons", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Ozonolysis of an organic compound gives formaldehyde as one of the products. This confirms the presence of:", + "options": { + "A": "Two isomeric double bonds", + "B": "A vinyl group", + "C": "An isopropyl group", + "D": "An acetylenic triple bond" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Ozonolysis cleaves a carbon-carbon double bond and adds oxygen. Formaldehyde ($\\text{HCHO}$) is produced if the original double bond was at the end of a chain, specifically involving a terminal $=\\text{CH}_2$ group, which is characteristic of a vinyl group ($-\\text{CH}=\\text{CH}_2$).", + "language": "English", + "id": "e97d91f2-e924-48d0-aa02-2541f12b3f85" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Inorganic Chemistry (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Coordination Compounds", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The IUPAC name of $[\\text{Pt}(\\text{NH}_3)_2\\text{Cl}(\\text{NO}_2)]$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "Platinum diaminechloronitrite", + "B": "Chloronitrito-N-ammineplatinum(II)", + "C": "Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II)", + "D": "Diamminechloronitrito-O-platinate(II)" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Ligands are named in alphabetical order: ammine, chlorido, nitrito-N (since it coordinates through nitrogen). The oxidation state of Pt is $x + 0 + (-1) + (-1) = 0 \\implies x = +2$. Thus, the correct name is Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II).", + "language": "English", + "id": "57f1959d-5345-4286-abf1-bb2d2c747a96" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Chemical Kinetics", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The unit of rate constant for a zero order reaction is:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "B": "$\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "C": "$\\text{L}\\cdot\\text{mol}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "D": "$\\text{L}^2\\cdot\\text{mol}^{-2}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "For a zero-order reaction, Rate = $k[A]^0 = k$. The unit of rate is concentration per unit time ($\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$). Thus, the unit of the rate constant $k$ is also $\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "90bd6f4a-954b-4e71-930e-e34a41bdc1f4" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Biomolecules", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following hormones is produced under the condition of stress which stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver of human beings?", + "options": { + "A": "Thyroxin", + "B": "Insulin", + "C": "Adrenaline", + "D": "Estradiol" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the 'fight or flight' hormone released during stress. It promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis) in the liver to increase blood glucose levels for energy.", + "language": "English", + "id": "2e0d89c0-6321-45f4-9508-6ea46c503193" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Cell Structure and Function (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Cell Cycle and Cell Division", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Crossing over occurs during which stage of meiosis?", + "options": { + "A": "Leptotene", + "B": "Pachytene", + "C": "Diplotene", + "D": "Zygotene" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, occurs during the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis.", + "language": "English", + "id": "f1cb705f-1484-4481-9e51-9dea8f6267ba" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Genetics and Evolution (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Principles of Inheritance and Variation", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A cross between two tall plants resulted in offspring having few dwarf plants. What would be the genotypes of both the parents?", + "options": { + "A": "TT and Tt", + "B": "Tt and Tt", + "C": "TT and TT", + "D": "Tt and tt" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Since both parents are tall but they produce some dwarf offspring, both parents must carry the recessive allele for dwarfness. Thus, their genotype must be heterozygous (Tt). A cross of Tt x Tt yields a 3:1 ratio of tall to dwarf.", + "language": "English", + "id": "1f046583-5f89-40bc-9391-3c1ab7cffd62" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Genetics and Evolution (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Molecular Basis of Inheritance", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following RNAs should be most abundant in an animal cell?", + "options": { + "A": "tRNA", + "B": "mRNA", + "C": "miRNA", + "D": "rRNA" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) constitutes about 80% of the total RNA in an actively growing cell. It forms the structural and catalytic core of ribosomes.", + "language": "English", + "id": "3feb4d38-73a0-4d6b-90db-de47a0d690f7" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Human Physiology (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Digestion and Absorption", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following terms describes human dentition?", + "options": { + "A": "Thecodont, Diphyodont, Homodont", + "B": "Thecodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont", + "C": "Pleurodont, Monophyodont, Homodont", + "D": "Pleurodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Human dentition is Thecodont (teeth embedded in jaw sockets), Diphyodont (two sets of teeth: deciduous and permanent), and Heterodont (different types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, molars).", + "language": "English", + "id": "84049894-bf1b-4b34-bf54-188d81ddb524" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Reproduction (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Human Reproduction", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which hormone is responsible for the ovulation in human females?", + "options": { + "A": "FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)", + "B": "Progesterone", + "C": "LH (Luteinizing Hormone)", + "D": "Estrogen" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "A surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) mid-cycle triggers the rupture of the Graafian follicle and the subsequent release of the ovum, a process known as ovulation.", + "language": "English", + "id": "decff3ac-b594-4fe4-b876-408926384c47" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Plant Physiology (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Photosynthesis in Higher Plants", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The first stable product of CO2 fixation in C3 plants is:", + "options": { + "A": "Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)", + "B": "Malic acid", + "C": "Oxaloacetic acid (OAA)", + "D": "3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA)" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "In the Calvin cycle of C3 plants, CO2 combines with RuBP to form a 6-carbon unstable intermediate that immediately splits into two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA), the first stable product.", + "language": "English", + "id": "ce615ee2-8ae5-41fe-9cb8-df2d0974fa70" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Ecology (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Ecosystem", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The pyramid of energy is always:", + "options": { + "A": "Upright", + "B": "Inverted", + "C": "Spindle shaped", + "D": "Variable" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "The pyramid of energy is always upright because energy is lost as heat at each trophic level (10% law), so energy always decreases as it flows from producers to higher trophic levels.", + "language": "English", + "id": "b8931a19-6f8b-4bc0-8ef3-19c7bd151780" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Biotechnology (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Principles and Processes", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The cutting of DNA at specific locations became possible with the discovery of:", + "options": { + "A": "Selectable markers", + "B": "Ligases", + "C": "Restriction enzymes", + "D": "Probes" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Restriction endonucleases (or restriction enzymes) cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, making recombinant DNA technology possible.", + "language": "English", + "id": "a26ad786-743a-4669-82cb-adcc472ae82a" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Human Physiology (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Neural Control and Coordination", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are present on:", + "options": { + "A": "Pre-synaptic membrane", + "B": "Tips of axons", + "C": "Post-synaptic membrane", + "D": "Membrane of synaptic vesicles" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in the pre-synaptic neuron and diffuse across the synaptic cleft to bind with specific receptor sites located on the post-synaptic membrane.", + "language": "English", + "id": "cf1d3d36-d823-4045-8574-4670011b4da1" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Diversity in Living World (Set 2)", + "subtopic": "Biological Classification", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following are found in extreme saline conditions?", + "options": { + "A": "Eubacteria", + "B": "Cyanobacteria", + "C": "Mycobacteria", + "D": "Archaebacteria" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Archaebacteria are known to live in some of the most harsh habitats. Specifically, halophiles live in extreme saline conditions (e.g., Dead Sea).", + "language": "English", + "id": "acb7d418-b090-4fa9-9dbe-d11d80dc769d" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Units and Measurements (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Dimensions", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The dimension of $\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$ is that of:", + "options": { + "A": "Velocity", + "B": "Time", + "C": "Capacitance", + "D": "Distance" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "We know that $c = \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$, where $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum. Therefore, the dimension of $\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$ is that of velocity, which is $[L T^{-1}]$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "4f6acacf-edec-4889-afa0-fccbb163fd14" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Kinematics (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Projectile Motion", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Two projectiles are thrown with the same initial velocity at angles of $30^\\circ$ and $60^\\circ$ with the horizontal. The ratio of their maximum heights is:", + "options": { + "A": "1:3", + "B": "3:1", + "C": "1:\\sqrt{3}", + "D": "1:2" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Maximum height $H = \\frac{u^2 \\sin^2 \\theta}{2g}$.\nFor $\\theta_1 = 30^\\circ$, $H_1 = \\frac{u^2 (1/2)^2}{2g} = \\frac{u^2}{8g}$.\nFor $\\theta_2 = 60^\\circ$, $H_2 = \\frac{u^2 (\\sqrt{3}/2)^2}{2g} = \\frac{3u^2}{8g}$.\nRatio $H_1 : H_2 = 1 : 3$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "b99d4c8f-591b-4f11-9109-852f1f14be6a" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Thermodynamics (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Carnot Engine", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A Carnot engine takes heat from a reservoir at $627^\\circ\\text{C}$ and rejects heat to a sink at $27^\\circ\\text{C}$. Its efficiency is:", + "options": { + "A": "2/3", + "B": "1/3", + "C": "3/4", + "D": "1/2" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Temperature of source, $T_1 = 627 + 273 = 900\\text{ K}$.\nTemperature of sink, $T_2 = 27 + 273 = 300\\text{ K}$.\nEfficiency $\\eta = 1 - \\frac{T_2}{T_1} = 1 - \\frac{300}{900} = 1 - \\frac{1}{3} = \\frac{2}{3}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "88ae576d-44d1-42bc-aeac-295d0c841a97" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Electrostatics (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Capacitors", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of $8\\text{ pF}$. What will be the capacitance if the distance between the plates is reduced by half, and the space between them is filled with a substance of dielectric constant $6$?", + "options": { + "A": "96 pF", + "B": "8 pF", + "C": "48 pF", + "D": "12 pF" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Initial capacitance $C_0 = \\frac{\\varepsilon_0 A}{d} = 8\\text{ pF}$.\nNew distance $d' = d/2$ and new dielectric constant $K = 6$.\nNew capacitance $C' = \\frac{K \\varepsilon_0 A}{d'} = \\frac{6 \\varepsilon_0 A}{d/2} = 12 \\left(\\frac{\\varepsilon_0 A}{d}\\right) = 12 \\times 8\\text{ pF} = 96\\text{ pF}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "823af790-369b-4ad6-ba99-6cfc54295d63" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Current Electricity (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Meter Bridge", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In a meter bridge experiment, the null point is obtained at $20\\text{ cm}$ from one end of the wire when resistance $X$ is balanced against another resistance $Y$. If $X < Y$, then what will be the new position of the null point from the same end, if one decides to balance a resistance of $4X$ against $Y$?", + "options": { + "A": "50 cm", + "B": "40 cm", + "C": "80 cm", + "D": "20 cm" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Initially, $\\frac{X}{Y} = \\frac{20}{100-20} = \\frac{20}{80} = \\frac{1}{4}$. So $Y = 4X$.\nFor new resistance $4X$ against $Y$, ratio is $\\frac{4X}{Y} = \\frac{4X}{4X} = 1$.\nLet new null point be $l$, then $\\frac{l}{100-l} = 1 \\implies l = 100 - l \\implies 2l = 100 \\implies l = 50\\text{ cm}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "c067d0b8-b2f4-4d86-add5-b4f8a711235c" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Magnetism (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Biot-Savart Law", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The magnetic field at the centre of a circular current carrying coil of radius $R$ is $B_0$. If the radius is doubled keeping the current same, the new magnetic field at the centre will be:", + "options": { + "A": "$B_0/2$", + "B": "$B_0/4$", + "C": "$2B_0$", + "D": "$B_0$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil is $B = \\frac{\\mu_0 I}{2R}$.\nSince $B \\propto \\frac{1}{R}$, doubling the radius will make the magnetic field half. Thus, new field is $B_0/2$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "b4101faa-9c9d-4c51-815e-306614afbdb0" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Alternating Current (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "LCR Circuit", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In a series LCR circuit, the voltage across the resistance, capacitance, and inductance is $10\\text{ V}$ each. If the capacitance is short-circuited, the voltage across the inductance will be:", + "options": { + "A": "10 V", + "B": "$10\\sqrt{2}\\text{ V}$", + "C": "$10/\\sqrt{2}\\text{ V}$", + "D": "Zero" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Initially, $V_R = 10\\text{ V}$, $V_L = 10\\text{ V}$, $V_C = 10\\text{ V}$. Since $V_L = V_C$, the circuit is in resonance. The applied voltage $V = \\sqrt{V_R^2 + (V_L - V_C)^2} = V_R = 10\\text{ V}$.\nIf capacitance is shorted, it becomes an LR circuit. Impedance $Z = \\sqrt{R^2 + X_L^2}$. Since $V_R = V_L$ initially, $R = X_L$, so $Z = R\\sqrt{2}$.\nNew current $I' = \\frac{V}{Z} = \\frac{10}{R\\sqrt{2}}$.\nNew voltage across inductance $V_L' = I' X_L = \\frac{10}{R\\sqrt{2}} \\times R = \\frac{10}{\\sqrt{2}}\\text{ V}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "7869286a-9de6-4a20-8589-602bf552ed8d" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Optics (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Wave Optics", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In Young's double slit experiment, if the separation between coherent sources is halved and the distance of the screen from the coherent sources is doubled, then the fringe width becomes:", + "options": { + "A": "Half", + "B": "Four times", + "C": "One-fourth", + "D": "Double" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Fringe width $\\beta = \\frac{\\lambda D}{d}$.\nNew slit separation $d' = d/2$.\nNew screen distance $D' = 2D$.\nNew fringe width $\\beta' = \\frac{\\lambda (2D)}{(d/2)} = 4 \\frac{\\lambda D}{d} = 4\\beta$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "b53b002e-9b01-41e6-b43c-105894b69fd9" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Modern Physics (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Photoelectric Effect", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "When the light of frequency $2\\nu_0$ (where $\\nu_0$ is threshold frequency) is incident on a metal plate, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted is $v_1$. When the frequency of the incident radiation is increased to $5\\nu_0$, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted from the same plate is $v_2$. The ratio of $v_1$ to $v_2$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "1:2", + "B": "1:4", + "C": "4:1", + "D": "2:1" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "From Einstein's photoelectric equation: $K_{\\max} = h\\nu - h\\nu_0 = \\frac{1}{2} m v^2$.\nCase 1: $\\frac{1}{2} m v_1^2 = h(2\\nu_0) - h\\nu_0 = h\\nu_0$.\nCase 2: $\\frac{1}{2} m v_2^2 = h(5\\nu_0) - h\\nu_0 = 4h\\nu_0$.\nDividing the two equations: $\\frac{v_1^2}{v_2^2} = \\frac{1}{4} \\implies \\frac{v_1}{v_2} = \\frac{1}{2}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "bc8b21fa-04f2-4fd6-901e-303b2f1a8c60" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Semiconductors (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Logic Gates", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which logic gate is represented by the boolean expression $Y = \\overline{A \\cdot B}$?", + "options": { + "A": "NOR", + "B": "OR", + "C": "NAND", + "D": "AND" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "The boolean expression $Y = \\overline{A \\cdot B}$ represents the NAND gate. It gives an output of 0 only when both inputs A and B are 1, and 1 otherwise.", + "language": "English", + "id": "90148afe-d488-4e11-b3b1-38fd0733f024" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Mole Concept", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The number of water molecules is maximum in:", + "options": { + "A": "18 grams of water", + "B": "18 moles of water", + "C": "18 molecules of water", + "D": "1.8 grams of water" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "18 grams of water = 1 mole = $N_A$ molecules.\n18 moles of water = $18 N_A$ molecules.\n1.8 grams of water = 0.1 mole = $0.1 N_A$ molecules.\nThus, 18 moles of water contains the maximum number of molecules.", + "language": "English", + "id": "8e30b99f-bc31-4edc-bfe7-e1ff8d1d8062" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Atomic Structure", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The maximum number of electrons in an atom that can have the quantum numbers $n = 4$ and $m_l = +1$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "2", + "B": "4", + "C": "6", + "D": "8" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "For $n = 4$, the possible values of $l$ are 0, 1, 2, 3.\nThe condition $m_l = +1$ is possible for $l = 1$, $l = 2$, and $l = 3$.\nEach subshell ($l=1, 2, 3$) will have one orbital with $m_l = +1$.\nSince each orbital can hold 2 electrons, the total number of electrons is $3 \\times 2 = 6$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "b956e495-8e61-4cd2-9b90-d36a3a235946" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Inorganic Chemistry (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Chemical Bonding", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The species having pyramidal shape is:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{SO}_3$", + "B": "$\\text{BrF}_3$", + "C": "$\\text{SiO}_3^{2-}$", + "D": "$\\text{OSF}_2$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "In $\\text{OSF}_2$, the central sulfur atom has 4 electron domains (1 double bond to O, 2 single bonds to F, and 1 lone pair). This corresponds to an $sp^3$ hybridization with a trigonal pyramidal shape. $\\text{SO}_3$ is trigonal planar, $\\text{BrF}_3$ is T-shaped.", + "language": "English", + "id": "d629e2eb-96f3-4c6b-9a8d-097965bd330c" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Equilibrium", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "For the reversible reaction $\\text{N}_2(\\text{g}) + 3\\text{H}_2(\\text{g}) \\rightleftharpoons 2\\text{NH}_3(\\text{g}) + \\text{Heat}$, the equilibrium shifts in forward direction:", + "options": { + "A": "By increasing the concentration of $\\text{NH}_3(\\text{g})$", + "B": "By decreasing the pressure", + "C": "By decreasing the concentrations of $\\text{N}_2(\\text{g})$ and $\\text{H}_2(\\text{g})$", + "D": "By increasing pressure and decreasing temperature" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "According to Le Chatelier's principle, an exothermic reaction ($\\Delta H < 0$) is favored by low temperatures. A reaction involving a decrease in the number of gaseous moles ($4 \\rightarrow 2$) is favored by high pressures. Therefore, increasing pressure and decreasing temperature will shift the equilibrium in the forward direction.", + "language": "English", + "id": "0b78c170-738d-4d7b-b02d-cac8c9dc2191" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Electrochemistry", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Given $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cr}^{3+}/\\text{Cr}} = -0.74\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{MnO}_4^-/\\text{Mn}^{2+}} = 1.51\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cr}_2\\text{O}_7^{2-}/\\text{Cr}^{3+}} = 1.33\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cl}/\\text{Cl}^-} = 1.36\\text{ V}$.\nBased on the data given above, strongest oxidizing agent will be:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{Cl}$", + "B": "$\\text{Cr}^{3+}$", + "C": "$\\text{Mn}^{2+}$", + "D": "$\\text{MnO}_4^-$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Higher the standard reduction potential ($E^\\circ$), stronger is the oxidizing power. The $E^\\circ$ value for $\\text{MnO}_4^-/\\text{Mn}^{2+}$ is the highest ($+1.51\\text{ V}$). Therefore, $\\text{MnO}_4^-$ is the strongest oxidizing agent among the given species.", + "language": "English", + "id": "4e54fdf6-c2c0-4cf0-9181-112b46da2bd7" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "General Organic Chemistry", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following carbocations is most stable?", + "options": { + "A": "Allyl carbocation", + "B": "Primary alkyl carbocation", + "C": "Tert-butyl carbocation", + "D": "Triphenylmethyl carbocation" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Stability of carbocations is determined by delocalization of charge. The triphenylmethyl carbocation, $(\\text{C}_6\\text{H}_5)_3\\text{C}^+$, has 3 phenyl rings providing extensive resonance stabilization, making it exceptionally stable compared to the others.", + "language": "English", + "id": "61cf97ef-68f5-4aae-9916-a6f28bf2777f" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Hydrocarbons", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Ozonolysis of an organic compound gives formaldehyde as one of the products. This confirms the presence of:", + "options": { + "A": "Two isomeric double bonds", + "B": "A vinyl group", + "C": "An isopropyl group", + "D": "An acetylenic triple bond" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Ozonolysis cleaves a carbon-carbon double bond and adds oxygen. Formaldehyde ($\\text{HCHO}$) is produced if the original double bond was at the end of a chain, specifically involving a terminal $=\\text{CH}_2$ group, which is characteristic of a vinyl group ($-\\text{CH}=\\text{CH}_2$).", + "language": "English", + "id": "fe32e132-b359-4db0-a078-84942d8738cc" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Inorganic Chemistry (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Coordination Compounds", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The IUPAC name of $[\\text{Pt}(\\text{NH}_3)_2\\text{Cl}(\\text{NO}_2)]$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "Platinum diaminechloronitrite", + "B": "Chloronitrito-N-ammineplatinum(II)", + "C": "Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II)", + "D": "Diamminechloronitrito-O-platinate(II)" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Ligands are named in alphabetical order: ammine, chlorido, nitrito-N (since it coordinates through nitrogen). The oxidation state of Pt is $x + 0 + (-1) + (-1) = 0 \\implies x = +2$. Thus, the correct name is Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II).", + "language": "English", + "id": "d7a0f59f-0e20-450f-96af-e46e066bff59" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Chemical Kinetics", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The unit of rate constant for a zero order reaction is:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "B": "$\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "C": "$\\text{L}\\cdot\\text{mol}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "D": "$\\text{L}^2\\cdot\\text{mol}^{-2}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "For a zero-order reaction, Rate = $k[A]^0 = k$. The unit of rate is concentration per unit time ($\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$). Thus, the unit of the rate constant $k$ is also $\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "07db4654-f99d-4d08-ba02-fd29d7848f61" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Biomolecules", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following hormones is produced under the condition of stress which stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver of human beings?", + "options": { + "A": "Thyroxin", + "B": "Insulin", + "C": "Adrenaline", + "D": "Estradiol" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the 'fight or flight' hormone released during stress. It promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis) in the liver to increase blood glucose levels for energy.", + "language": "English", + "id": "aaf5a7d6-8337-4efd-920b-400820bcfa07" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Cell Structure and Function (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Cell Cycle and Cell Division", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Crossing over occurs during which stage of meiosis?", + "options": { + "A": "Leptotene", + "B": "Pachytene", + "C": "Diplotene", + "D": "Zygotene" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, occurs during the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis.", + "language": "English", + "id": "b3899a79-4864-4482-a1c1-7d049124a643" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Genetics and Evolution (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Principles of Inheritance and Variation", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A cross between two tall plants resulted in offspring having few dwarf plants. What would be the genotypes of both the parents?", + "options": { + "A": "TT and Tt", + "B": "Tt and Tt", + "C": "TT and TT", + "D": "Tt and tt" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Since both parents are tall but they produce some dwarf offspring, both parents must carry the recessive allele for dwarfness. Thus, their genotype must be heterozygous (Tt). A cross of Tt x Tt yields a 3:1 ratio of tall to dwarf.", + "language": "English", + "id": "94f205a1-1e11-4253-8ee6-77b3b61e392c" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Genetics and Evolution (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Molecular Basis of Inheritance", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following RNAs should be most abundant in an animal cell?", + "options": { + "A": "tRNA", + "B": "mRNA", + "C": "miRNA", + "D": "rRNA" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) constitutes about 80% of the total RNA in an actively growing cell. It forms the structural and catalytic core of ribosomes.", + "language": "English", + "id": "d5114d8a-9d77-4d3f-b2bb-36d82ad3bd26" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Human Physiology (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Digestion and Absorption", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following terms describes human dentition?", + "options": { + "A": "Thecodont, Diphyodont, Homodont", + "B": "Thecodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont", + "C": "Pleurodont, Monophyodont, Homodont", + "D": "Pleurodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Human dentition is Thecodont (teeth embedded in jaw sockets), Diphyodont (two sets of teeth: deciduous and permanent), and Heterodont (different types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, molars).", + "language": "English", + "id": "50c3586b-339f-4430-8f73-63e1b6780f14" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Reproduction (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Human Reproduction", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which hormone is responsible for the ovulation in human females?", + "options": { + "A": "FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)", + "B": "Progesterone", + "C": "LH (Luteinizing Hormone)", + "D": "Estrogen" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "A surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) mid-cycle triggers the rupture of the Graafian follicle and the subsequent release of the ovum, a process known as ovulation.", + "language": "English", + "id": "d1a663d5-10dd-4885-9655-71060103c3bd" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Plant Physiology (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Photosynthesis in Higher Plants", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The first stable product of CO2 fixation in C3 plants is:", + "options": { + "A": "Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)", + "B": "Malic acid", + "C": "Oxaloacetic acid (OAA)", + "D": "3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA)" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "In the Calvin cycle of C3 plants, CO2 combines with RuBP to form a 6-carbon unstable intermediate that immediately splits into two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA), the first stable product.", + "language": "English", + "id": "1abfefc9-f273-4cd4-add4-df7ad5ec1c3e" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Ecology (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Ecosystem", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The pyramid of energy is always:", + "options": { + "A": "Upright", + "B": "Inverted", + "C": "Spindle shaped", + "D": "Variable" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "The pyramid of energy is always upright because energy is lost as heat at each trophic level (10% law), so energy always decreases as it flows from producers to higher trophic levels.", + "language": "English", + "id": "2b9d9743-53fc-46d6-a9f6-55d4fcab0d4b" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Biotechnology (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Principles and Processes", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The cutting of DNA at specific locations became possible with the discovery of:", + "options": { + "A": "Selectable markers", + "B": "Ligases", + "C": "Restriction enzymes", + "D": "Probes" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Restriction endonucleases (or restriction enzymes) cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, making recombinant DNA technology possible.", + "language": "English", + "id": "03ea2344-2db9-4eb9-a231-9a9fb00d2d0c" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Human Physiology (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Neural Control and Coordination", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are present on:", + "options": { + "A": "Pre-synaptic membrane", + "B": "Tips of axons", + "C": "Post-synaptic membrane", + "D": "Membrane of synaptic vesicles" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in the pre-synaptic neuron and diffuse across the synaptic cleft to bind with specific receptor sites located on the post-synaptic membrane.", + "language": "English", + "id": "ade2064c-c01e-4257-89cf-57f3db564e05" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Diversity in Living World (Set 3)", + "subtopic": "Biological Classification", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following are found in extreme saline conditions?", + "options": { + "A": "Eubacteria", + "B": "Cyanobacteria", + "C": "Mycobacteria", + "D": "Archaebacteria" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Archaebacteria are known to live in some of the most harsh habitats. Specifically, halophiles live in extreme saline conditions (e.g., Dead Sea).", + "language": "English", + "id": "71dd9778-d209-4c67-aa11-e8da44d9cc0d" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Units and Measurements (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Dimensions", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The dimension of $\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$ is that of:", + "options": { + "A": "Velocity", + "B": "Time", + "C": "Capacitance", + "D": "Distance" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "We know that $c = \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$, where $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum. Therefore, the dimension of $\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$ is that of velocity, which is $[L T^{-1}]$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "125dc892-386f-4774-93de-1577084cea04" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Kinematics (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Projectile Motion", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Two projectiles are thrown with the same initial velocity at angles of $30^\\circ$ and $60^\\circ$ with the horizontal. The ratio of their maximum heights is:", + "options": { + "A": "1:3", + "B": "3:1", + "C": "1:\\sqrt{3}", + "D": "1:2" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Maximum height $H = \\frac{u^2 \\sin^2 \\theta}{2g}$.\nFor $\\theta_1 = 30^\\circ$, $H_1 = \\frac{u^2 (1/2)^2}{2g} = \\frac{u^2}{8g}$.\nFor $\\theta_2 = 60^\\circ$, $H_2 = \\frac{u^2 (\\sqrt{3}/2)^2}{2g} = \\frac{3u^2}{8g}$.\nRatio $H_1 : H_2 = 1 : 3$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "00f4623c-1416-4d3a-b58a-a5222d810e54" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Thermodynamics (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Carnot Engine", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A Carnot engine takes heat from a reservoir at $627^\\circ\\text{C}$ and rejects heat to a sink at $27^\\circ\\text{C}$. Its efficiency is:", + "options": { + "A": "2/3", + "B": "1/3", + "C": "3/4", + "D": "1/2" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Temperature of source, $T_1 = 627 + 273 = 900\\text{ K}$.\nTemperature of sink, $T_2 = 27 + 273 = 300\\text{ K}$.\nEfficiency $\\eta = 1 - \\frac{T_2}{T_1} = 1 - \\frac{300}{900} = 1 - \\frac{1}{3} = \\frac{2}{3}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "69d7036d-c152-41f0-9edb-a008d62a5b0f" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Electrostatics (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Capacitors", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of $8\\text{ pF}$. What will be the capacitance if the distance between the plates is reduced by half, and the space between them is filled with a substance of dielectric constant $6$?", + "options": { + "A": "96 pF", + "B": "8 pF", + "C": "48 pF", + "D": "12 pF" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Initial capacitance $C_0 = \\frac{\\varepsilon_0 A}{d} = 8\\text{ pF}$.\nNew distance $d' = d/2$ and new dielectric constant $K = 6$.\nNew capacitance $C' = \\frac{K \\varepsilon_0 A}{d'} = \\frac{6 \\varepsilon_0 A}{d/2} = 12 \\left(\\frac{\\varepsilon_0 A}{d}\\right) = 12 \\times 8\\text{ pF} = 96\\text{ pF}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "8461826b-c62a-4494-9bb0-681d1bbfe967" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Current Electricity (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Meter Bridge", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In a meter bridge experiment, the null point is obtained at $20\\text{ cm}$ from one end of the wire when resistance $X$ is balanced against another resistance $Y$. If $X < Y$, then what will be the new position of the null point from the same end, if one decides to balance a resistance of $4X$ against $Y$?", + "options": { + "A": "50 cm", + "B": "40 cm", + "C": "80 cm", + "D": "20 cm" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Initially, $\\frac{X}{Y} = \\frac{20}{100-20} = \\frac{20}{80} = \\frac{1}{4}$. So $Y = 4X$.\nFor new resistance $4X$ against $Y$, ratio is $\\frac{4X}{Y} = \\frac{4X}{4X} = 1$.\nLet new null point be $l$, then $\\frac{l}{100-l} = 1 \\implies l = 100 - l \\implies 2l = 100 \\implies l = 50\\text{ cm}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "e16f6881-5dd0-42c2-b91d-59bfa3a8b307" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Magnetism (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Biot-Savart Law", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The magnetic field at the centre of a circular current carrying coil of radius $R$ is $B_0$. If the radius is doubled keeping the current same, the new magnetic field at the centre will be:", + "options": { + "A": "$B_0/2$", + "B": "$B_0/4$", + "C": "$2B_0$", + "D": "$B_0$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil is $B = \\frac{\\mu_0 I}{2R}$.\nSince $B \\propto \\frac{1}{R}$, doubling the radius will make the magnetic field half. Thus, new field is $B_0/2$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "f4a6d234-002b-41ad-a4f2-69fb2fd1cd7d" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Alternating Current (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "LCR Circuit", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In a series LCR circuit, the voltage across the resistance, capacitance, and inductance is $10\\text{ V}$ each. If the capacitance is short-circuited, the voltage across the inductance will be:", + "options": { + "A": "10 V", + "B": "$10\\sqrt{2}\\text{ V}$", + "C": "$10/\\sqrt{2}\\text{ V}$", + "D": "Zero" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Initially, $V_R = 10\\text{ V}$, $V_L = 10\\text{ V}$, $V_C = 10\\text{ V}$. Since $V_L = V_C$, the circuit is in resonance. The applied voltage $V = \\sqrt{V_R^2 + (V_L - V_C)^2} = V_R = 10\\text{ V}$.\nIf capacitance is shorted, it becomes an LR circuit. Impedance $Z = \\sqrt{R^2 + X_L^2}$. Since $V_R = V_L$ initially, $R = X_L$, so $Z = R\\sqrt{2}$.\nNew current $I' = \\frac{V}{Z} = \\frac{10}{R\\sqrt{2}}$.\nNew voltage across inductance $V_L' = I' X_L = \\frac{10}{R\\sqrt{2}} \\times R = \\frac{10}{\\sqrt{2}}\\text{ V}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "f6f9fedc-a555-41f5-b24d-09ff0a4e3af9" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Optics (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Wave Optics", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In Young's double slit experiment, if the separation between coherent sources is halved and the distance of the screen from the coherent sources is doubled, then the fringe width becomes:", + "options": { + "A": "Half", + "B": "Four times", + "C": "One-fourth", + "D": "Double" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Fringe width $\\beta = \\frac{\\lambda D}{d}$.\nNew slit separation $d' = d/2$.\nNew screen distance $D' = 2D$.\nNew fringe width $\\beta' = \\frac{\\lambda (2D)}{(d/2)} = 4 \\frac{\\lambda D}{d} = 4\\beta$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "47133d9d-a7f2-4b1a-8913-0920e21006a4" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Modern Physics (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Photoelectric Effect", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "When the light of frequency $2\\nu_0$ (where $\\nu_0$ is threshold frequency) is incident on a metal plate, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted is $v_1$. When the frequency of the incident radiation is increased to $5\\nu_0$, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted from the same plate is $v_2$. The ratio of $v_1$ to $v_2$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "1:2", + "B": "1:4", + "C": "4:1", + "D": "2:1" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "From Einstein's photoelectric equation: $K_{\\max} = h\\nu - h\\nu_0 = \\frac{1}{2} m v^2$.\nCase 1: $\\frac{1}{2} m v_1^2 = h(2\\nu_0) - h\\nu_0 = h\\nu_0$.\nCase 2: $\\frac{1}{2} m v_2^2 = h(5\\nu_0) - h\\nu_0 = 4h\\nu_0$.\nDividing the two equations: $\\frac{v_1^2}{v_2^2} = \\frac{1}{4} \\implies \\frac{v_1}{v_2} = \\frac{1}{2}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "c26de02a-bede-4dd8-8e08-2d0e8a9e1170" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Semiconductors (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Logic Gates", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which logic gate is represented by the boolean expression $Y = \\overline{A \\cdot B}$?", + "options": { + "A": "NOR", + "B": "OR", + "C": "NAND", + "D": "AND" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "The boolean expression $Y = \\overline{A \\cdot B}$ represents the NAND gate. It gives an output of 0 only when both inputs A and B are 1, and 1 otherwise.", + "language": "English", + "id": "a0a61994-1783-4988-bba8-697192131e2a" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Mole Concept", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The number of water molecules is maximum in:", + "options": { + "A": "18 grams of water", + "B": "18 moles of water", + "C": "18 molecules of water", + "D": "1.8 grams of water" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "18 grams of water = 1 mole = $N_A$ molecules.\n18 moles of water = $18 N_A$ molecules.\n1.8 grams of water = 0.1 mole = $0.1 N_A$ molecules.\nThus, 18 moles of water contains the maximum number of molecules.", + "language": "English", + "id": "a485be71-df65-433d-b4b1-0e28e7425c9f" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Atomic Structure", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The maximum number of electrons in an atom that can have the quantum numbers $n = 4$ and $m_l = +1$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "2", + "B": "4", + "C": "6", + "D": "8" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "For $n = 4$, the possible values of $l$ are 0, 1, 2, 3.\nThe condition $m_l = +1$ is possible for $l = 1$, $l = 2$, and $l = 3$.\nEach subshell ($l=1, 2, 3$) will have one orbital with $m_l = +1$.\nSince each orbital can hold 2 electrons, the total number of electrons is $3 \\times 2 = 6$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "a45008df-c27b-4b28-8aa7-381aac5a0f05" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Inorganic Chemistry (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Chemical Bonding", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The species having pyramidal shape is:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{SO}_3$", + "B": "$\\text{BrF}_3$", + "C": "$\\text{SiO}_3^{2-}$", + "D": "$\\text{OSF}_2$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "In $\\text{OSF}_2$, the central sulfur atom has 4 electron domains (1 double bond to O, 2 single bonds to F, and 1 lone pair). This corresponds to an $sp^3$ hybridization with a trigonal pyramidal shape. $\\text{SO}_3$ is trigonal planar, $\\text{BrF}_3$ is T-shaped.", + "language": "English", + "id": "12111a4a-c754-4c2f-8a09-e5e62832fa6a" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Equilibrium", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "For the reversible reaction $\\text{N}_2(\\text{g}) + 3\\text{H}_2(\\text{g}) \\rightleftharpoons 2\\text{NH}_3(\\text{g}) + \\text{Heat}$, the equilibrium shifts in forward direction:", + "options": { + "A": "By increasing the concentration of $\\text{NH}_3(\\text{g})$", + "B": "By decreasing the pressure", + "C": "By decreasing the concentrations of $\\text{N}_2(\\text{g})$ and $\\text{H}_2(\\text{g})$", + "D": "By increasing pressure and decreasing temperature" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "According to Le Chatelier's principle, an exothermic reaction ($\\Delta H < 0$) is favored by low temperatures. A reaction involving a decrease in the number of gaseous moles ($4 \\rightarrow 2$) is favored by high pressures. Therefore, increasing pressure and decreasing temperature will shift the equilibrium in the forward direction.", + "language": "English", + "id": "11a28113-cb35-4715-8fea-7025b97d98f6" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Electrochemistry", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Given $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cr}^{3+}/\\text{Cr}} = -0.74\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{MnO}_4^-/\\text{Mn}^{2+}} = 1.51\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cr}_2\\text{O}_7^{2-}/\\text{Cr}^{3+}} = 1.33\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cl}/\\text{Cl}^-} = 1.36\\text{ V}$.\nBased on the data given above, strongest oxidizing agent will be:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{Cl}$", + "B": "$\\text{Cr}^{3+}$", + "C": "$\\text{Mn}^{2+}$", + "D": "$\\text{MnO}_4^-$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Higher the standard reduction potential ($E^\\circ$), stronger is the oxidizing power. The $E^\\circ$ value for $\\text{MnO}_4^-/\\text{Mn}^{2+}$ is the highest ($+1.51\\text{ V}$). Therefore, $\\text{MnO}_4^-$ is the strongest oxidizing agent among the given species.", + "language": "English", + "id": "bfa2a8aa-fa96-431a-896c-9b969280068e" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "General Organic Chemistry", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following carbocations is most stable?", + "options": { + "A": "Allyl carbocation", + "B": "Primary alkyl carbocation", + "C": "Tert-butyl carbocation", + "D": "Triphenylmethyl carbocation" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Stability of carbocations is determined by delocalization of charge. The triphenylmethyl carbocation, $(\\text{C}_6\\text{H}_5)_3\\text{C}^+$, has 3 phenyl rings providing extensive resonance stabilization, making it exceptionally stable compared to the others.", + "language": "English", + "id": "c12d1985-e70b-4ba8-a8c9-967e001dbf46" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Hydrocarbons", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Ozonolysis of an organic compound gives formaldehyde as one of the products. This confirms the presence of:", + "options": { + "A": "Two isomeric double bonds", + "B": "A vinyl group", + "C": "An isopropyl group", + "D": "An acetylenic triple bond" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Ozonolysis cleaves a carbon-carbon double bond and adds oxygen. Formaldehyde ($\\text{HCHO}$) is produced if the original double bond was at the end of a chain, specifically involving a terminal $=\\text{CH}_2$ group, which is characteristic of a vinyl group ($-\\text{CH}=\\text{CH}_2$).", + "language": "English", + "id": "b6759d7f-dff9-4a3a-86ee-d054b701aff8" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Inorganic Chemistry (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Coordination Compounds", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The IUPAC name of $[\\text{Pt}(\\text{NH}_3)_2\\text{Cl}(\\text{NO}_2)]$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "Platinum diaminechloronitrite", + "B": "Chloronitrito-N-ammineplatinum(II)", + "C": "Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II)", + "D": "Diamminechloronitrito-O-platinate(II)" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Ligands are named in alphabetical order: ammine, chlorido, nitrito-N (since it coordinates through nitrogen). The oxidation state of Pt is $x + 0 + (-1) + (-1) = 0 \\implies x = +2$. Thus, the correct name is Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II).", + "language": "English", + "id": "7d335b70-4352-4ee5-b17b-281edbbabd30" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Chemical Kinetics", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The unit of rate constant for a zero order reaction is:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "B": "$\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "C": "$\\text{L}\\cdot\\text{mol}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "D": "$\\text{L}^2\\cdot\\text{mol}^{-2}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "For a zero-order reaction, Rate = $k[A]^0 = k$. The unit of rate is concentration per unit time ($\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$). Thus, the unit of the rate constant $k$ is also $\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "5ca190aa-4050-423c-93d8-a739a54d9dc6" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Biomolecules", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following hormones is produced under the condition of stress which stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver of human beings?", + "options": { + "A": "Thyroxin", + "B": "Insulin", + "C": "Adrenaline", + "D": "Estradiol" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the 'fight or flight' hormone released during stress. It promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis) in the liver to increase blood glucose levels for energy.", + "language": "English", + "id": "0a0fc9fd-6a7e-4b8f-90c8-aeaf0bbc6619" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Cell Structure and Function (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Cell Cycle and Cell Division", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Crossing over occurs during which stage of meiosis?", + "options": { + "A": "Leptotene", + "B": "Pachytene", + "C": "Diplotene", + "D": "Zygotene" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, occurs during the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis.", + "language": "English", + "id": "746b509c-3d31-41e2-82a0-dbc633bfd99e" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Genetics and Evolution (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Principles of Inheritance and Variation", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A cross between two tall plants resulted in offspring having few dwarf plants. What would be the genotypes of both the parents?", + "options": { + "A": "TT and Tt", + "B": "Tt and Tt", + "C": "TT and TT", + "D": "Tt and tt" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Since both parents are tall but they produce some dwarf offspring, both parents must carry the recessive allele for dwarfness. Thus, their genotype must be heterozygous (Tt). A cross of Tt x Tt yields a 3:1 ratio of tall to dwarf.", + "language": "English", + "id": "68389613-4924-4439-893d-cbcabfe50a4d" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Genetics and Evolution (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Molecular Basis of Inheritance", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following RNAs should be most abundant in an animal cell?", + "options": { + "A": "tRNA", + "B": "mRNA", + "C": "miRNA", + "D": "rRNA" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) constitutes about 80% of the total RNA in an actively growing cell. It forms the structural and catalytic core of ribosomes.", + "language": "English", + "id": "153c10b8-304e-457e-b753-4be0dfda153d" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Human Physiology (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Digestion and Absorption", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following terms describes human dentition?", + "options": { + "A": "Thecodont, Diphyodont, Homodont", + "B": "Thecodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont", + "C": "Pleurodont, Monophyodont, Homodont", + "D": "Pleurodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Human dentition is Thecodont (teeth embedded in jaw sockets), Diphyodont (two sets of teeth: deciduous and permanent), and Heterodont (different types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, molars).", + "language": "English", + "id": "e5a4e179-10c6-4a03-8483-9a7320a211ec" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Reproduction (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Human Reproduction", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which hormone is responsible for the ovulation in human females?", + "options": { + "A": "FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)", + "B": "Progesterone", + "C": "LH (Luteinizing Hormone)", + "D": "Estrogen" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "A surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) mid-cycle triggers the rupture of the Graafian follicle and the subsequent release of the ovum, a process known as ovulation.", + "language": "English", + "id": "039a4deb-fbd5-4b17-bbab-a48cc325a2fd" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Plant Physiology (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Photosynthesis in Higher Plants", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The first stable product of CO2 fixation in C3 plants is:", + "options": { + "A": "Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)", + "B": "Malic acid", + "C": "Oxaloacetic acid (OAA)", + "D": "3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA)" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "In the Calvin cycle of C3 plants, CO2 combines with RuBP to form a 6-carbon unstable intermediate that immediately splits into two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA), the first stable product.", + "language": "English", + "id": "b3dcd78a-0342-4036-9102-5b517706649b" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Ecology (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Ecosystem", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The pyramid of energy is always:", + "options": { + "A": "Upright", + "B": "Inverted", + "C": "Spindle shaped", + "D": "Variable" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "The pyramid of energy is always upright because energy is lost as heat at each trophic level (10% law), so energy always decreases as it flows from producers to higher trophic levels.", + "language": "English", + "id": "ee00348e-d154-4bee-9fb6-1dd3875b05e0" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Biotechnology (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Principles and Processes", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The cutting of DNA at specific locations became possible with the discovery of:", + "options": { + "A": "Selectable markers", + "B": "Ligases", + "C": "Restriction enzymes", + "D": "Probes" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Restriction endonucleases (or restriction enzymes) cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, making recombinant DNA technology possible.", + "language": "English", + "id": "c90a3d1d-a327-4090-a4a4-2478622c8c74" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Human Physiology (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Neural Control and Coordination", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are present on:", + "options": { + "A": "Pre-synaptic membrane", + "B": "Tips of axons", + "C": "Post-synaptic membrane", + "D": "Membrane of synaptic vesicles" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in the pre-synaptic neuron and diffuse across the synaptic cleft to bind with specific receptor sites located on the post-synaptic membrane.", + "language": "English", + "id": "400b1d45-f375-47b6-aeb1-39ba6c53b56b" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Diversity in Living World (Set 4)", + "subtopic": "Biological Classification", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following are found in extreme saline conditions?", + "options": { + "A": "Eubacteria", + "B": "Cyanobacteria", + "C": "Mycobacteria", + "D": "Archaebacteria" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Archaebacteria are known to live in some of the most harsh habitats. Specifically, halophiles live in extreme saline conditions (e.g., Dead Sea).", + "language": "English", + "id": "cd4b967a-d552-49ed-ba86-bccdac81e439" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Units and Measurements (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Dimensions", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The dimension of $\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$ is that of:", + "options": { + "A": "Velocity", + "B": "Time", + "C": "Capacitance", + "D": "Distance" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "We know that $c = \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$, where $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum. Therefore, the dimension of $\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$ is that of velocity, which is $[L T^{-1}]$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "b2f04447-2710-46bc-a2af-c7e918701550" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Kinematics (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Projectile Motion", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Two projectiles are thrown with the same initial velocity at angles of $30^\\circ$ and $60^\\circ$ with the horizontal. The ratio of their maximum heights is:", + "options": { + "A": "1:3", + "B": "3:1", + "C": "1:\\sqrt{3}", + "D": "1:2" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Maximum height $H = \\frac{u^2 \\sin^2 \\theta}{2g}$.\nFor $\\theta_1 = 30^\\circ$, $H_1 = \\frac{u^2 (1/2)^2}{2g} = \\frac{u^2}{8g}$.\nFor $\\theta_2 = 60^\\circ$, $H_2 = \\frac{u^2 (\\sqrt{3}/2)^2}{2g} = \\frac{3u^2}{8g}$.\nRatio $H_1 : H_2 = 1 : 3$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "2b66c506-0b95-413f-925c-0d5e83c4d9d8" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Thermodynamics (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Carnot Engine", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A Carnot engine takes heat from a reservoir at $627^\\circ\\text{C}$ and rejects heat to a sink at $27^\\circ\\text{C}$. Its efficiency is:", + "options": { + "A": "2/3", + "B": "1/3", + "C": "3/4", + "D": "1/2" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Temperature of source, $T_1 = 627 + 273 = 900\\text{ K}$.\nTemperature of sink, $T_2 = 27 + 273 = 300\\text{ K}$.\nEfficiency $\\eta = 1 - \\frac{T_2}{T_1} = 1 - \\frac{300}{900} = 1 - \\frac{1}{3} = \\frac{2}{3}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "348fa2cc-1306-46da-9a1e-3723beed6dd7" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Electrostatics (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Capacitors", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of $8\\text{ pF}$. What will be the capacitance if the distance between the plates is reduced by half, and the space between them is filled with a substance of dielectric constant $6$?", + "options": { + "A": "96 pF", + "B": "8 pF", + "C": "48 pF", + "D": "12 pF" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Initial capacitance $C_0 = \\frac{\\varepsilon_0 A}{d} = 8\\text{ pF}$.\nNew distance $d' = d/2$ and new dielectric constant $K = 6$.\nNew capacitance $C' = \\frac{K \\varepsilon_0 A}{d'} = \\frac{6 \\varepsilon_0 A}{d/2} = 12 \\left(\\frac{\\varepsilon_0 A}{d}\\right) = 12 \\times 8\\text{ pF} = 96\\text{ pF}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "133d4adf-5cba-47bc-a919-8983d8bf6c99" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Current Electricity (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Meter Bridge", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In a meter bridge experiment, the null point is obtained at $20\\text{ cm}$ from one end of the wire when resistance $X$ is balanced against another resistance $Y$. If $X < Y$, then what will be the new position of the null point from the same end, if one decides to balance a resistance of $4X$ against $Y$?", + "options": { + "A": "50 cm", + "B": "40 cm", + "C": "80 cm", + "D": "20 cm" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Initially, $\\frac{X}{Y} = \\frac{20}{100-20} = \\frac{20}{80} = \\frac{1}{4}$. So $Y = 4X$.\nFor new resistance $4X$ against $Y$, ratio is $\\frac{4X}{Y} = \\frac{4X}{4X} = 1$.\nLet new null point be $l$, then $\\frac{l}{100-l} = 1 \\implies l = 100 - l \\implies 2l = 100 \\implies l = 50\\text{ cm}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "fc788d01-fddc-4615-82d4-e0761143edf6" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Magnetism (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Biot-Savart Law", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The magnetic field at the centre of a circular current carrying coil of radius $R$ is $B_0$. If the radius is doubled keeping the current same, the new magnetic field at the centre will be:", + "options": { + "A": "$B_0/2$", + "B": "$B_0/4$", + "C": "$2B_0$", + "D": "$B_0$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil is $B = \\frac{\\mu_0 I}{2R}$.\nSince $B \\propto \\frac{1}{R}$, doubling the radius will make the magnetic field half. Thus, new field is $B_0/2$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "9be2d264-5f15-4205-acf6-971f7df348e3" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Alternating Current (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "LCR Circuit", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In a series LCR circuit, the voltage across the resistance, capacitance, and inductance is $10\\text{ V}$ each. If the capacitance is short-circuited, the voltage across the inductance will be:", + "options": { + "A": "10 V", + "B": "$10\\sqrt{2}\\text{ V}$", + "C": "$10/\\sqrt{2}\\text{ V}$", + "D": "Zero" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Initially, $V_R = 10\\text{ V}$, $V_L = 10\\text{ V}$, $V_C = 10\\text{ V}$. Since $V_L = V_C$, the circuit is in resonance. The applied voltage $V = \\sqrt{V_R^2 + (V_L - V_C)^2} = V_R = 10\\text{ V}$.\nIf capacitance is shorted, it becomes an LR circuit. Impedance $Z = \\sqrt{R^2 + X_L^2}$. Since $V_R = V_L$ initially, $R = X_L$, so $Z = R\\sqrt{2}$.\nNew current $I' = \\frac{V}{Z} = \\frac{10}{R\\sqrt{2}}$.\nNew voltage across inductance $V_L' = I' X_L = \\frac{10}{R\\sqrt{2}} \\times R = \\frac{10}{\\sqrt{2}}\\text{ V}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "6ed6639d-484a-4cd7-b1bb-c2b70dfc2f3a" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Optics (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Wave Optics", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In Young's double slit experiment, if the separation between coherent sources is halved and the distance of the screen from the coherent sources is doubled, then the fringe width becomes:", + "options": { + "A": "Half", + "B": "Four times", + "C": "One-fourth", + "D": "Double" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Fringe width $\\beta = \\frac{\\lambda D}{d}$.\nNew slit separation $d' = d/2$.\nNew screen distance $D' = 2D$.\nNew fringe width $\\beta' = \\frac{\\lambda (2D)}{(d/2)} = 4 \\frac{\\lambda D}{d} = 4\\beta$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "1005e9e4-0e0d-4ed7-a9d2-e7b57f011f0d" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Modern Physics (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Photoelectric Effect", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "When the light of frequency $2\\nu_0$ (where $\\nu_0$ is threshold frequency) is incident on a metal plate, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted is $v_1$. When the frequency of the incident radiation is increased to $5\\nu_0$, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted from the same plate is $v_2$. The ratio of $v_1$ to $v_2$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "1:2", + "B": "1:4", + "C": "4:1", + "D": "2:1" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "From Einstein's photoelectric equation: $K_{\\max} = h\\nu - h\\nu_0 = \\frac{1}{2} m v^2$.\nCase 1: $\\frac{1}{2} m v_1^2 = h(2\\nu_0) - h\\nu_0 = h\\nu_0$.\nCase 2: $\\frac{1}{2} m v_2^2 = h(5\\nu_0) - h\\nu_0 = 4h\\nu_0$.\nDividing the two equations: $\\frac{v_1^2}{v_2^2} = \\frac{1}{4} \\implies \\frac{v_1}{v_2} = \\frac{1}{2}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "59778b7a-fe97-417b-ac19-739e04688ccf" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Semiconductors (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Logic Gates", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which logic gate is represented by the boolean expression $Y = \\overline{A \\cdot B}$?", + "options": { + "A": "NOR", + "B": "OR", + "C": "NAND", + "D": "AND" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "The boolean expression $Y = \\overline{A \\cdot B}$ represents the NAND gate. It gives an output of 0 only when both inputs A and B are 1, and 1 otherwise.", + "language": "English", + "id": "adac2d1f-cc43-4634-a49b-8bb47e0139e7" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Mole Concept", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The number of water molecules is maximum in:", + "options": { + "A": "18 grams of water", + "B": "18 moles of water", + "C": "18 molecules of water", + "D": "1.8 grams of water" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "18 grams of water = 1 mole = $N_A$ molecules.\n18 moles of water = $18 N_A$ molecules.\n1.8 grams of water = 0.1 mole = $0.1 N_A$ molecules.\nThus, 18 moles of water contains the maximum number of molecules.", + "language": "English", + "id": "ff604fd9-3cd8-4622-b8e5-953e99100e6a" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Atomic Structure", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The maximum number of electrons in an atom that can have the quantum numbers $n = 4$ and $m_l = +1$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "2", + "B": "4", + "C": "6", + "D": "8" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "For $n = 4$, the possible values of $l$ are 0, 1, 2, 3.\nThe condition $m_l = +1$ is possible for $l = 1$, $l = 2$, and $l = 3$.\nEach subshell ($l=1, 2, 3$) will have one orbital with $m_l = +1$.\nSince each orbital can hold 2 electrons, the total number of electrons is $3 \\times 2 = 6$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "5d975bc3-87b3-4715-90f6-6f33cf559566" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Inorganic Chemistry (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Chemical Bonding", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The species having pyramidal shape is:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{SO}_3$", + "B": "$\\text{BrF}_3$", + "C": "$\\text{SiO}_3^{2-}$", + "D": "$\\text{OSF}_2$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "In $\\text{OSF}_2$, the central sulfur atom has 4 electron domains (1 double bond to O, 2 single bonds to F, and 1 lone pair). This corresponds to an $sp^3$ hybridization with a trigonal pyramidal shape. $\\text{SO}_3$ is trigonal planar, $\\text{BrF}_3$ is T-shaped.", + "language": "English", + "id": "64a9af48-1868-42db-a1d4-b2186f81bb11" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Equilibrium", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "For the reversible reaction $\\text{N}_2(\\text{g}) + 3\\text{H}_2(\\text{g}) \\rightleftharpoons 2\\text{NH}_3(\\text{g}) + \\text{Heat}$, the equilibrium shifts in forward direction:", + "options": { + "A": "By increasing the concentration of $\\text{NH}_3(\\text{g})$", + "B": "By decreasing the pressure", + "C": "By decreasing the concentrations of $\\text{N}_2(\\text{g})$ and $\\text{H}_2(\\text{g})$", + "D": "By increasing pressure and decreasing temperature" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "According to Le Chatelier's principle, an exothermic reaction ($\\Delta H < 0$) is favored by low temperatures. A reaction involving a decrease in the number of gaseous moles ($4 \\rightarrow 2$) is favored by high pressures. Therefore, increasing pressure and decreasing temperature will shift the equilibrium in the forward direction.", + "language": "English", + "id": "6d191cad-6a77-4dcd-8f19-ba3134024517" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Electrochemistry", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Given $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cr}^{3+}/\\text{Cr}} = -0.74\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{MnO}_4^-/\\text{Mn}^{2+}} = 1.51\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cr}_2\\text{O}_7^{2-}/\\text{Cr}^{3+}} = 1.33\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cl}/\\text{Cl}^-} = 1.36\\text{ V}$.\nBased on the data given above, strongest oxidizing agent will be:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{Cl}$", + "B": "$\\text{Cr}^{3+}$", + "C": "$\\text{Mn}^{2+}$", + "D": "$\\text{MnO}_4^-$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Higher the standard reduction potential ($E^\\circ$), stronger is the oxidizing power. The $E^\\circ$ value for $\\text{MnO}_4^-/\\text{Mn}^{2+}$ is the highest ($+1.51\\text{ V}$). Therefore, $\\text{MnO}_4^-$ is the strongest oxidizing agent among the given species.", + "language": "English", + "id": "fc75431f-f3ab-4f54-9296-7e53de4c4531" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "General Organic Chemistry", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following carbocations is most stable?", + "options": { + "A": "Allyl carbocation", + "B": "Primary alkyl carbocation", + "C": "Tert-butyl carbocation", + "D": "Triphenylmethyl carbocation" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Stability of carbocations is determined by delocalization of charge. The triphenylmethyl carbocation, $(\\text{C}_6\\text{H}_5)_3\\text{C}^+$, has 3 phenyl rings providing extensive resonance stabilization, making it exceptionally stable compared to the others.", + "language": "English", + "id": "315893aa-46ad-4b6e-9d65-fda1187eba80" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Hydrocarbons", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Ozonolysis of an organic compound gives formaldehyde as one of the products. This confirms the presence of:", + "options": { + "A": "Two isomeric double bonds", + "B": "A vinyl group", + "C": "An isopropyl group", + "D": "An acetylenic triple bond" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Ozonolysis cleaves a carbon-carbon double bond and adds oxygen. Formaldehyde ($\\text{HCHO}$) is produced if the original double bond was at the end of a chain, specifically involving a terminal $=\\text{CH}_2$ group, which is characteristic of a vinyl group ($-\\text{CH}=\\text{CH}_2$).", + "language": "English", + "id": "5592a3c2-e4e3-493b-8ec7-d36f366a6dad" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Inorganic Chemistry (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Coordination Compounds", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The IUPAC name of $[\\text{Pt}(\\text{NH}_3)_2\\text{Cl}(\\text{NO}_2)]$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "Platinum diaminechloronitrite", + "B": "Chloronitrito-N-ammineplatinum(II)", + "C": "Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II)", + "D": "Diamminechloronitrito-O-platinate(II)" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Ligands are named in alphabetical order: ammine, chlorido, nitrito-N (since it coordinates through nitrogen). The oxidation state of Pt is $x + 0 + (-1) + (-1) = 0 \\implies x = +2$. Thus, the correct name is Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II).", + "language": "English", + "id": "dde0d306-3a56-44fa-a01d-8eec040f4ba7" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Chemical Kinetics", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The unit of rate constant for a zero order reaction is:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "B": "$\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "C": "$\\text{L}\\cdot\\text{mol}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "D": "$\\text{L}^2\\cdot\\text{mol}^{-2}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "For a zero-order reaction, Rate = $k[A]^0 = k$. The unit of rate is concentration per unit time ($\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$). Thus, the unit of the rate constant $k$ is also $\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "242645d1-3f78-4a8d-b6e9-4fe1dfec026d" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Biomolecules", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following hormones is produced under the condition of stress which stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver of human beings?", + "options": { + "A": "Thyroxin", + "B": "Insulin", + "C": "Adrenaline", + "D": "Estradiol" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the 'fight or flight' hormone released during stress. It promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis) in the liver to increase blood glucose levels for energy.", + "language": "English", + "id": "2d74deba-b576-413c-bdc9-b38ebc4133ff" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Cell Structure and Function (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Cell Cycle and Cell Division", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Crossing over occurs during which stage of meiosis?", + "options": { + "A": "Leptotene", + "B": "Pachytene", + "C": "Diplotene", + "D": "Zygotene" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, occurs during the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis.", + "language": "English", + "id": "d35a85de-ae37-43c4-aefb-08a8634e97d9" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Genetics and Evolution (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Principles of Inheritance and Variation", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A cross between two tall plants resulted in offspring having few dwarf plants. What would be the genotypes of both the parents?", + "options": { + "A": "TT and Tt", + "B": "Tt and Tt", + "C": "TT and TT", + "D": "Tt and tt" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Since both parents are tall but they produce some dwarf offspring, both parents must carry the recessive allele for dwarfness. Thus, their genotype must be heterozygous (Tt). A cross of Tt x Tt yields a 3:1 ratio of tall to dwarf.", + "language": "English", + "id": "74e69024-34e1-436b-91c1-05795ddc8991" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Genetics and Evolution (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Molecular Basis of Inheritance", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following RNAs should be most abundant in an animal cell?", + "options": { + "A": "tRNA", + "B": "mRNA", + "C": "miRNA", + "D": "rRNA" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) constitutes about 80% of the total RNA in an actively growing cell. It forms the structural and catalytic core of ribosomes.", + "language": "English", + "id": "428e0b29-ea6a-4373-98c5-3496a5efd50a" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Human Physiology (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Digestion and Absorption", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following terms describes human dentition?", + "options": { + "A": "Thecodont, Diphyodont, Homodont", + "B": "Thecodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont", + "C": "Pleurodont, Monophyodont, Homodont", + "D": "Pleurodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Human dentition is Thecodont (teeth embedded in jaw sockets), Diphyodont (two sets of teeth: deciduous and permanent), and Heterodont (different types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, molars).", + "language": "English", + "id": "7902ca11-3492-42bb-ad58-61bda135d377" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Reproduction (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Human Reproduction", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which hormone is responsible for the ovulation in human females?", + "options": { + "A": "FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)", + "B": "Progesterone", + "C": "LH (Luteinizing Hormone)", + "D": "Estrogen" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "A surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) mid-cycle triggers the rupture of the Graafian follicle and the subsequent release of the ovum, a process known as ovulation.", + "language": "English", + "id": "dfe577bd-71d7-4e0f-9321-defb739fcaa5" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Plant Physiology (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Photosynthesis in Higher Plants", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The first stable product of CO2 fixation in C3 plants is:", + "options": { + "A": "Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)", + "B": "Malic acid", + "C": "Oxaloacetic acid (OAA)", + "D": "3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA)" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "In the Calvin cycle of C3 plants, CO2 combines with RuBP to form a 6-carbon unstable intermediate that immediately splits into two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA), the first stable product.", + "language": "English", + "id": "656e0b14-518f-4145-a244-20fc9ab3b7f0" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Ecology (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Ecosystem", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The pyramid of energy is always:", + "options": { + "A": "Upright", + "B": "Inverted", + "C": "Spindle shaped", + "D": "Variable" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "The pyramid of energy is always upright because energy is lost as heat at each trophic level (10% law), so energy always decreases as it flows from producers to higher trophic levels.", + "language": "English", + "id": "2e290702-ad9e-4f58-9ae4-c8a2fc10df09" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Biotechnology (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Principles and Processes", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The cutting of DNA at specific locations became possible with the discovery of:", + "options": { + "A": "Selectable markers", + "B": "Ligases", + "C": "Restriction enzymes", + "D": "Probes" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Restriction endonucleases (or restriction enzymes) cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, making recombinant DNA technology possible.", + "language": "English", + "id": "b471b34c-bb0e-4c19-a08d-0bfd44dd970b" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Human Physiology (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Neural Control and Coordination", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are present on:", + "options": { + "A": "Pre-synaptic membrane", + "B": "Tips of axons", + "C": "Post-synaptic membrane", + "D": "Membrane of synaptic vesicles" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in the pre-synaptic neuron and diffuse across the synaptic cleft to bind with specific receptor sites located on the post-synaptic membrane.", + "language": "English", + "id": "d132f31d-b66c-4873-885a-8d76aad4eb59" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Diversity in Living World (Set 5)", + "subtopic": "Biological Classification", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following are found in extreme saline conditions?", + "options": { + "A": "Eubacteria", + "B": "Cyanobacteria", + "C": "Mycobacteria", + "D": "Archaebacteria" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Archaebacteria are known to live in some of the most harsh habitats. Specifically, halophiles live in extreme saline conditions (e.g., Dead Sea).", + "language": "English", + "id": "cd148387-e310-4c96-9378-fad03647b30d" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Units and Measurements (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Dimensions", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The dimension of $\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$ is that of:", + "options": { + "A": "Velocity", + "B": "Time", + "C": "Capacitance", + "D": "Distance" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "We know that $c = \\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$, where $c$ is the speed of light in vacuum. Therefore, the dimension of $\\frac{1}{\\sqrt{\\mu_0 \\varepsilon_0}}$ is that of velocity, which is $[L T^{-1}]$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "ff3df799-7390-43f9-82a8-da1891d371bb" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Kinematics (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Projectile Motion", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Two projectiles are thrown with the same initial velocity at angles of $30^\\circ$ and $60^\\circ$ with the horizontal. The ratio of their maximum heights is:", + "options": { + "A": "1:3", + "B": "3:1", + "C": "1:\\sqrt{3}", + "D": "1:2" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Maximum height $H = \\frac{u^2 \\sin^2 \\theta}{2g}$.\nFor $\\theta_1 = 30^\\circ$, $H_1 = \\frac{u^2 (1/2)^2}{2g} = \\frac{u^2}{8g}$.\nFor $\\theta_2 = 60^\\circ$, $H_2 = \\frac{u^2 (\\sqrt{3}/2)^2}{2g} = \\frac{3u^2}{8g}$.\nRatio $H_1 : H_2 = 1 : 3$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "2a49c38b-9c45-4ed3-93c7-1b98c13c7418" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Thermodynamics (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Carnot Engine", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A Carnot engine takes heat from a reservoir at $627^\\circ\\text{C}$ and rejects heat to a sink at $27^\\circ\\text{C}$. Its efficiency is:", + "options": { + "A": "2/3", + "B": "1/3", + "C": "3/4", + "D": "1/2" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Temperature of source, $T_1 = 627 + 273 = 900\\text{ K}$.\nTemperature of sink, $T_2 = 27 + 273 = 300\\text{ K}$.\nEfficiency $\\eta = 1 - \\frac{T_2}{T_1} = 1 - \\frac{300}{900} = 1 - \\frac{1}{3} = \\frac{2}{3}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "d096dcda-f450-44d2-93a4-ba122e8f59f3" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Electrostatics (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Capacitors", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of $8\\text{ pF}$. What will be the capacitance if the distance between the plates is reduced by half, and the space between them is filled with a substance of dielectric constant $6$?", + "options": { + "A": "96 pF", + "B": "8 pF", + "C": "48 pF", + "D": "12 pF" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Initial capacitance $C_0 = \\frac{\\varepsilon_0 A}{d} = 8\\text{ pF}$.\nNew distance $d' = d/2$ and new dielectric constant $K = 6$.\nNew capacitance $C' = \\frac{K \\varepsilon_0 A}{d'} = \\frac{6 \\varepsilon_0 A}{d/2} = 12 \\left(\\frac{\\varepsilon_0 A}{d}\\right) = 12 \\times 8\\text{ pF} = 96\\text{ pF}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "a26c476c-25ae-4da3-ae3f-072830afda60" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Current Electricity (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Meter Bridge", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In a meter bridge experiment, the null point is obtained at $20\\text{ cm}$ from one end of the wire when resistance $X$ is balanced against another resistance $Y$. If $X < Y$, then what will be the new position of the null point from the same end, if one decides to balance a resistance of $4X$ against $Y$?", + "options": { + "A": "50 cm", + "B": "40 cm", + "C": "80 cm", + "D": "20 cm" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Initially, $\\frac{X}{Y} = \\frac{20}{100-20} = \\frac{20}{80} = \\frac{1}{4}$. So $Y = 4X$.\nFor new resistance $4X$ against $Y$, ratio is $\\frac{4X}{Y} = \\frac{4X}{4X} = 1$.\nLet new null point be $l$, then $\\frac{l}{100-l} = 1 \\implies l = 100 - l \\implies 2l = 100 \\implies l = 50\\text{ cm}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "027fff15-6c63-4b2b-b472-b4a853e6f707" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Magnetism (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Biot-Savart Law", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The magnetic field at the centre of a circular current carrying coil of radius $R$ is $B_0$. If the radius is doubled keeping the current same, the new magnetic field at the centre will be:", + "options": { + "A": "$B_0/2$", + "B": "$B_0/4$", + "C": "$2B_0$", + "D": "$B_0$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "Magnetic field at the centre of a circular coil is $B = \\frac{\\mu_0 I}{2R}$.\nSince $B \\propto \\frac{1}{R}$, doubling the radius will make the magnetic field half. Thus, new field is $B_0/2$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "657cc163-4800-4c4c-8c84-d0bd96eb0535" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Alternating Current (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "LCR Circuit", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In a series LCR circuit, the voltage across the resistance, capacitance, and inductance is $10\\text{ V}$ each. If the capacitance is short-circuited, the voltage across the inductance will be:", + "options": { + "A": "10 V", + "B": "$10\\sqrt{2}\\text{ V}$", + "C": "$10/\\sqrt{2}\\text{ V}$", + "D": "Zero" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Initially, $V_R = 10\\text{ V}$, $V_L = 10\\text{ V}$, $V_C = 10\\text{ V}$. Since $V_L = V_C$, the circuit is in resonance. The applied voltage $V = \\sqrt{V_R^2 + (V_L - V_C)^2} = V_R = 10\\text{ V}$.\nIf capacitance is shorted, it becomes an LR circuit. Impedance $Z = \\sqrt{R^2 + X_L^2}$. Since $V_R = V_L$ initially, $R = X_L$, so $Z = R\\sqrt{2}$.\nNew current $I' = \\frac{V}{Z} = \\frac{10}{R\\sqrt{2}}$.\nNew voltage across inductance $V_L' = I' X_L = \\frac{10}{R\\sqrt{2}} \\times R = \\frac{10}{\\sqrt{2}}\\text{ V}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "95c1c552-22e9-4859-946e-e5ea233c427d" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Optics (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Wave Optics", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "In Young's double slit experiment, if the separation between coherent sources is halved and the distance of the screen from the coherent sources is doubled, then the fringe width becomes:", + "options": { + "A": "Half", + "B": "Four times", + "C": "One-fourth", + "D": "Double" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Fringe width $\\beta = \\frac{\\lambda D}{d}$.\nNew slit separation $d' = d/2$.\nNew screen distance $D' = 2D$.\nNew fringe width $\\beta' = \\frac{\\lambda (2D)}{(d/2)} = 4 \\frac{\\lambda D}{d} = 4\\beta$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "eb6c484a-b031-428f-be49-8ae3880c0ee5" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Modern Physics (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Photoelectric Effect", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "When the light of frequency $2\\nu_0$ (where $\\nu_0$ is threshold frequency) is incident on a metal plate, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted is $v_1$. When the frequency of the incident radiation is increased to $5\\nu_0$, the maximum velocity of electrons emitted from the same plate is $v_2$. The ratio of $v_1$ to $v_2$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "1:2", + "B": "1:4", + "C": "4:1", + "D": "2:1" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "From Einstein's photoelectric equation: $K_{\\max} = h\\nu - h\\nu_0 = \\frac{1}{2} m v^2$.\nCase 1: $\\frac{1}{2} m v_1^2 = h(2\\nu_0) - h\\nu_0 = h\\nu_0$.\nCase 2: $\\frac{1}{2} m v_2^2 = h(5\\nu_0) - h\\nu_0 = 4h\\nu_0$.\nDividing the two equations: $\\frac{v_1^2}{v_2^2} = \\frac{1}{4} \\implies \\frac{v_1}{v_2} = \\frac{1}{2}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "b6164e29-a4e2-4782-94a4-28763cf3878b" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Physics", + "topic": "Semiconductors (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Logic Gates", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which logic gate is represented by the boolean expression $Y = \\overline{A \\cdot B}$?", + "options": { + "A": "NOR", + "B": "OR", + "C": "NAND", + "D": "AND" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "The boolean expression $Y = \\overline{A \\cdot B}$ represents the NAND gate. It gives an output of 0 only when both inputs A and B are 1, and 1 otherwise.", + "language": "English", + "id": "490441d3-ebee-4c9a-8398-07d009223c22" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Mole Concept", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The number of water molecules is maximum in:", + "options": { + "A": "18 grams of water", + "B": "18 moles of water", + "C": "18 molecules of water", + "D": "1.8 grams of water" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "18 grams of water = 1 mole = $N_A$ molecules.\n18 moles of water = $18 N_A$ molecules.\n1.8 grams of water = 0.1 mole = $0.1 N_A$ molecules.\nThus, 18 moles of water contains the maximum number of molecules.", + "language": "English", + "id": "de008807-5fc1-461f-9139-d6a1771c5525" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Atomic Structure", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The maximum number of electrons in an atom that can have the quantum numbers $n = 4$ and $m_l = +1$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "2", + "B": "4", + "C": "6", + "D": "8" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "For $n = 4$, the possible values of $l$ are 0, 1, 2, 3.\nThe condition $m_l = +1$ is possible for $l = 1$, $l = 2$, and $l = 3$.\nEach subshell ($l=1, 2, 3$) will have one orbital with $m_l = +1$.\nSince each orbital can hold 2 electrons, the total number of electrons is $3 \\times 2 = 6$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "f9e4a4ec-b2a0-49f3-bbc1-cc050ed33432" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Inorganic Chemistry (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Chemical Bonding", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The species having pyramidal shape is:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{SO}_3$", + "B": "$\\text{BrF}_3$", + "C": "$\\text{SiO}_3^{2-}$", + "D": "$\\text{OSF}_2$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "In $\\text{OSF}_2$, the central sulfur atom has 4 electron domains (1 double bond to O, 2 single bonds to F, and 1 lone pair). This corresponds to an $sp^3$ hybridization with a trigonal pyramidal shape. $\\text{SO}_3$ is trigonal planar, $\\text{BrF}_3$ is T-shaped.", + "language": "English", + "id": "2d265d5d-17f2-4aed-8c06-c2c99dce4515" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Equilibrium", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "For the reversible reaction $\\text{N}_2(\\text{g}) + 3\\text{H}_2(\\text{g}) \\rightleftharpoons 2\\text{NH}_3(\\text{g}) + \\text{Heat}$, the equilibrium shifts in forward direction:", + "options": { + "A": "By increasing the concentration of $\\text{NH}_3(\\text{g})$", + "B": "By decreasing the pressure", + "C": "By decreasing the concentrations of $\\text{N}_2(\\text{g})$ and $\\text{H}_2(\\text{g})$", + "D": "By increasing pressure and decreasing temperature" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "According to Le Chatelier's principle, an exothermic reaction ($\\Delta H < 0$) is favored by low temperatures. A reaction involving a decrease in the number of gaseous moles ($4 \\rightarrow 2$) is favored by high pressures. Therefore, increasing pressure and decreasing temperature will shift the equilibrium in the forward direction.", + "language": "English", + "id": "c1663444-4775-48ad-a006-a801c5bb4366" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Electrochemistry", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Given $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cr}^{3+}/\\text{Cr}} = -0.74\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{MnO}_4^-/\\text{Mn}^{2+}} = 1.51\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cr}_2\\text{O}_7^{2-}/\\text{Cr}^{3+}} = 1.33\\text{ V}$; $E^\\circ_{\\text{Cl}/\\text{Cl}^-} = 1.36\\text{ V}$.\nBased on the data given above, strongest oxidizing agent will be:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{Cl}$", + "B": "$\\text{Cr}^{3+}$", + "C": "$\\text{Mn}^{2+}$", + "D": "$\\text{MnO}_4^-$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Higher the standard reduction potential ($E^\\circ$), stronger is the oxidizing power. The $E^\\circ$ value for $\\text{MnO}_4^-/\\text{Mn}^{2+}$ is the highest ($+1.51\\text{ V}$). Therefore, $\\text{MnO}_4^-$ is the strongest oxidizing agent among the given species.", + "language": "English", + "id": "9ac3c12a-3bb9-4233-bcc3-7eb8f5f0e060" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "General Organic Chemistry", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following carbocations is most stable?", + "options": { + "A": "Allyl carbocation", + "B": "Primary alkyl carbocation", + "C": "Tert-butyl carbocation", + "D": "Triphenylmethyl carbocation" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Stability of carbocations is determined by delocalization of charge. The triphenylmethyl carbocation, $(\\text{C}_6\\text{H}_5)_3\\text{C}^+$, has 3 phenyl rings providing extensive resonance stabilization, making it exceptionally stable compared to the others.", + "language": "English", + "id": "533ebd7e-f374-471f-8163-7b4f858db478" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Hydrocarbons", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Ozonolysis of an organic compound gives formaldehyde as one of the products. This confirms the presence of:", + "options": { + "A": "Two isomeric double bonds", + "B": "A vinyl group", + "C": "An isopropyl group", + "D": "An acetylenic triple bond" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Ozonolysis cleaves a carbon-carbon double bond and adds oxygen. Formaldehyde ($\\text{HCHO}$) is produced if the original double bond was at the end of a chain, specifically involving a terminal $=\\text{CH}_2$ group, which is characteristic of a vinyl group ($-\\text{CH}=\\text{CH}_2$).", + "language": "English", + "id": "5ca357c9-3d85-466f-82a0-73352cee31b2" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Inorganic Chemistry (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Coordination Compounds", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The IUPAC name of $[\\text{Pt}(\\text{NH}_3)_2\\text{Cl}(\\text{NO}_2)]$ is:", + "options": { + "A": "Platinum diaminechloronitrite", + "B": "Chloronitrito-N-ammineplatinum(II)", + "C": "Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II)", + "D": "Diamminechloronitrito-O-platinate(II)" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Ligands are named in alphabetical order: ammine, chlorido, nitrito-N (since it coordinates through nitrogen). The oxidation state of Pt is $x + 0 + (-1) + (-1) = 0 \\implies x = +2$. Thus, the correct name is Diamminechloridonitrito-N-platinum(II).", + "language": "English", + "id": "3fcb25d5-2b6e-420b-86cb-1cc004e59d14" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Physical Chemistry (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Chemical Kinetics", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The unit of rate constant for a zero order reaction is:", + "options": { + "A": "$\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "B": "$\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "C": "$\\text{L}\\cdot\\text{mol}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$", + "D": "$\\text{L}^2\\cdot\\text{mol}^{-2}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "For a zero-order reaction, Rate = $k[A]^0 = k$. The unit of rate is concentration per unit time ($\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$). Thus, the unit of the rate constant $k$ is also $\\text{mol}\\cdot\\text{L}^{-1}\\cdot\\text{s}^{-1}$.", + "language": "English", + "id": "2174d7a8-3b23-4ca0-91f8-975aa8e34c04" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Chemistry", + "topic": "Organic Chemistry (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Biomolecules", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following hormones is produced under the condition of stress which stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver of human beings?", + "options": { + "A": "Thyroxin", + "B": "Insulin", + "C": "Adrenaline", + "D": "Estradiol" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Adrenaline (epinephrine) is the 'fight or flight' hormone released during stress. It promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose (glycogenolysis) in the liver to increase blood glucose levels for energy.", + "language": "English", + "id": "88c7ec81-dc43-4eda-b6d4-60d14d49fa85" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Cell Structure and Function (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Cell Cycle and Cell Division", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Crossing over occurs during which stage of meiosis?", + "options": { + "A": "Leptotene", + "B": "Pachytene", + "C": "Diplotene", + "D": "Zygotene" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, occurs during the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis.", + "language": "English", + "id": "2a0e2fd6-5c37-43bc-92d6-766ef87cf765" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Genetics and Evolution (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Principles of Inheritance and Variation", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "A cross between two tall plants resulted in offspring having few dwarf plants. What would be the genotypes of both the parents?", + "options": { + "A": "TT and Tt", + "B": "Tt and Tt", + "C": "TT and TT", + "D": "Tt and tt" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Since both parents are tall but they produce some dwarf offspring, both parents must carry the recessive allele for dwarfness. Thus, their genotype must be heterozygous (Tt). A cross of Tt x Tt yields a 3:1 ratio of tall to dwarf.", + "language": "English", + "id": "2d687e42-b22d-4b2b-9551-3d9afdab6e0f" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Genetics and Evolution (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Molecular Basis of Inheritance", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following RNAs should be most abundant in an animal cell?", + "options": { + "A": "tRNA", + "B": "mRNA", + "C": "miRNA", + "D": "rRNA" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) constitutes about 80% of the total RNA in an actively growing cell. It forms the structural and catalytic core of ribosomes.", + "language": "English", + "id": "21bf4e9b-fb36-404e-bf18-b362ac089093" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Human Physiology (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Digestion and Absorption", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following terms describes human dentition?", + "options": { + "A": "Thecodont, Diphyodont, Homodont", + "B": "Thecodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont", + "C": "Pleurodont, Monophyodont, Homodont", + "D": "Pleurodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "B" + }, + "solution_text": "Human dentition is Thecodont (teeth embedded in jaw sockets), Diphyodont (two sets of teeth: deciduous and permanent), and Heterodont (different types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, molars).", + "language": "English", + "id": "69b32d02-bce7-46ce-89d8-835699c1f509" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Reproduction (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Human Reproduction", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which hormone is responsible for the ovulation in human females?", + "options": { + "A": "FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)", + "B": "Progesterone", + "C": "LH (Luteinizing Hormone)", + "D": "Estrogen" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "A surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) mid-cycle triggers the rupture of the Graafian follicle and the subsequent release of the ovum, a process known as ovulation.", + "language": "English", + "id": "92e6ed7d-649b-4aec-b393-939dbeb78eee" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Plant Physiology (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Photosynthesis in Higher Plants", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The first stable product of CO2 fixation in C3 plants is:", + "options": { + "A": "Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL)", + "B": "Malic acid", + "C": "Oxaloacetic acid (OAA)", + "D": "3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA)" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "In the Calvin cycle of C3 plants, CO2 combines with RuBP to form a 6-carbon unstable intermediate that immediately splits into two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA), the first stable product.", + "language": "English", + "id": "0956708f-eff5-4517-9d40-90ca12f90b93" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Ecology (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Ecosystem", + "difficulty": "Easy", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The pyramid of energy is always:", + "options": { + "A": "Upright", + "B": "Inverted", + "C": "Spindle shaped", + "D": "Variable" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "A" + }, + "solution_text": "The pyramid of energy is always upright because energy is lost as heat at each trophic level (10% law), so energy always decreases as it flows from producers to higher trophic levels.", + "language": "English", + "id": "b64efac0-7a70-487d-8c6d-7ee3c218b704" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Biotechnology (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Principles and Processes", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "The cutting of DNA at specific locations became possible with the discovery of:", + "options": { + "A": "Selectable markers", + "B": "Ligases", + "C": "Restriction enzymes", + "D": "Probes" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Restriction endonucleases (or restriction enzymes) cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, making recombinant DNA technology possible.", + "language": "English", + "id": "bee1707b-4169-418c-8e09-c3e37feb355d" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Human Physiology (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Neural Control and Coordination", + "difficulty": "Hard", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are present on:", + "options": { + "A": "Pre-synaptic membrane", + "B": "Tips of axons", + "C": "Post-synaptic membrane", + "D": "Membrane of synaptic vesicles" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "C" + }, + "solution_text": "Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in the pre-synaptic neuron and diffuse across the synaptic cleft to bind with specific receptor sites located on the post-synaptic membrane.", + "language": "English", + "id": "a53f69e9-44f8-4b63-a0b9-4db7c5a175df" + }, + { + "section": "General", + "subject": "Biology", + "topic": "Diversity in Living World (Set 6)", + "subtopic": "Biological Classification", + "difficulty": "Medium", + "type": "MCQ_Single", + "question_text": "Which of the following are found in extreme saline conditions?", + "options": { + "A": "Eubacteria", + "B": "Cyanobacteria", + "C": "Mycobacteria", + "D": "Archaebacteria" + }, + "correct_answer": { + "value": "D" + }, + "solution_text": "Archaebacteria are known to live in some of the most harsh habitats. Specifically, halophiles live in extreme saline conditions (e.g., Dead Sea).", + "language": "English", + "id": "5978c4fe-94ec-4e92-a6a0-c5a1af6d960a" + } +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/backend/reset_demo_users.py b/backend/reset_demo_users.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..32ff126 --- /dev/null +++ b/backend/reset_demo_users.py @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ + +from uuid import UUID +from sqlmodel import Session +from database import engine +import models +from main import ensure_demo_user + +demo_ids = [ + UUID("11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111"), + UUID("22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222"), + UUID("33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333"), + UUID("44444444-4444-4444-4444-444444444444") +] + +with Session(engine) as session: + for uid in demo_ids: + existing = session.get(models.User, uid) + if existing: + print(f"Deleting {existing.name}...") + session.exec(models.Subscription.__table__.delete().where(models.Subscription.user_id == uid)) + session.exec(models.Mistake.__table__.delete().where(models.Mistake.user_id == uid)) + session.exec(models.Attempt.__table__.delete().where(models.Attempt.user_id == uid)) + session.exec(models.StudyPlan.__table__.delete().where(models.StudyPlan.user_id == uid)) + session.exec(models.Transaction.__table__.delete().where(models.Transaction.user_id == uid)) + session.delete(existing) + session.commit() + + user = ensure_demo_user(uid, session) + print(f"Recreated: {user.name}") + diff --git a/backend/upload_test.py b/backend/upload_test.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8d2882d --- /dev/null +++ b/backend/upload_test.py @@ -0,0 +1,64 @@ +import sys +sys.path.append('.') +from sqlmodel import Session, select +from database import engine +from models import User, Test, Question, QuestionTypeEnum, ExamEnum + +def upload_json(): + import json + + with open('neet_180_questions.json', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f: + questions = json.load(f) + + with Session(engine) as session: + admin = session.exec(select(User).where(User.tier == 'AI Coach')).first() + if not admin: + print('No admin found') + return + + payload = { + 'title': 'Test NEET Mock Upload', + 'type': 'Mock', + 'exam_pattern': 'NEET', + 'time_limit': 180, + 'admin_id': str(admin.id), + 'questions_json': questions + } + + test_obj = Test( + title=payload['title'], + type=payload['type'], + exam_pattern=ExamEnum.NEET, + sections={}, + total_time=payload['time_limit'], + difficulty='Hard', + is_active=True, + created_by=admin.id + ) + session.add(test_obj) + session.flush() + + for q in questions: + q_obj = Question( + subject=q.get('subject'), + topic=q.get('topic', 'General'), + subtopic=q.get('subtopic', ''), + difficulty=q.get('difficulty', 'Medium'), + type=QuestionTypeEnum(q.get('type', 'SCQ')), + question_text=q.get('question_text', ''), + options_json=q.get('options', []), + correct_answer=q.get('correct_answer', ''), + solution_text=q.get('explanation', ''), language='English', + test_id=test_obj.id, created_by=admin.id, + section_name=q.get('subject') + ) + session.add(q_obj) + + session.commit() + print('Successfully added test with ID:', test_obj.id) + +upload_json() + + + + diff --git a/src/app/admin/settings/page.tsx b/src/app/admin/settings/page.tsx index 15e5924..3e1431c 100644 --- a/src/app/admin/settings/page.tsx +++ b/src/app/admin/settings/page.tsx @@ -138,14 +138,6 @@ export default function SettingsPage() { - - - Danger Zone - - - - - ) diff --git a/src/app/admin/students/page.tsx b/src/app/admin/students/page.tsx index f9a4cc0..eb9333f 100644 --- a/src/app/admin/students/page.tsx +++ b/src/app/admin/students/page.tsx @@ -46,14 +46,31 @@ export default function StudentsPage() { const [selectedIds, setSelectedIds] = useState([]) const [deleting, setDeleting] = useState(false) const [isUploading, setIsUploading] = useState(false) + const [uploadProgress, setUploadProgress] = useState(0) + const [uploadTimeLeft, setUploadTimeLeft] = useState(0) const fileInputRef = useRef(null) const handleBulkUpload = async (e: React.ChangeEvent) => { const file = e.target.files?.[0] if (!file) return + setIsUploading(true) setLoading(true) + setUploadProgress(0) + setUploadTimeLeft(15) // Simulate 15s max parsing time + + const progressInterval = setInterval(() => { + setUploadProgress(prev => { + if (prev >= 95) return prev; + return prev + 5; + }); + setUploadTimeLeft(prev => { + if (prev <= 1) return 1; + return prev - 1; + }); + }, 1000); + try { const formData = new FormData() formData.append("file", file) @@ -62,35 +79,48 @@ export default function StudentsPage() { body: formData, }) - if (!rawRes.ok) throw new Error("Upload failed") + if (!rawRes.ok) { + const errorData = await rawRes.json().catch(() => ({})); + throw new Error(errorData.detail || "Upload failed"); + } + setUploadProgress(100); const results = await rawRes.json() - alert(`Successfully registered ${results.length} students!`) - // Download CSV with passwords using Blob to fix formatting on Windows - const csvRows = ["name,email,password"]; - results.forEach((row: any) => { - csvRows.push(`${row.name},${row.email},${row.password}`); - }); - const csvContent = csvRows.join("\r\n"); - const blob = new Blob([csvContent], { type: 'text/csv;charset=utf-8;' }); - const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob); - const link = document.createElement("a"); - link.setAttribute("href", url); - link.setAttribute("download", "bulk_registered_passwords.csv"); - document.body.appendChild(link); - link.click(); - URL.revokeObjectURL(url); - - // Refresh students - const fresh = await fetchWithAuth("/api/admin/students").then(r => r.json()) - setStudents(fresh) + // Delay alert slightly to let progress bar reach 100% visually + setTimeout(async () => { + alert(`Successfully registered ${results.length} students!`) + + // Download CSV with passwords using Blob to fix formatting on Windows + const csvRows = ["name,email,password"]; + results.forEach((row: any) => { + csvRows.push(`${row.name},${row.email},${row.password}`); + }); + const csvContent = csvRows.join("\r\n"); + const blob = new Blob([csvContent], { type: 'text/csv;charset=utf-8;' }); + const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob); + const link = document.createElement("a"); + link.setAttribute("href", url); + link.setAttribute("download", "bulk_registered_passwords.csv"); + document.body.appendChild(link); + link.click(); + URL.revokeObjectURL(url); + + // Refresh students + const fresh = await fetchWithAuth("/api/admin/students").then(r => r.json()) + setStudents(fresh) + setIsUploading(false) + setLoading(false) + if (fileInputRef.current) fileInputRef.current.value = "" + }, 500); + } catch (err: any) { alert("Error: " + err.message) - } finally { setIsUploading(false) setLoading(false) if (fileInputRef.current) fileInputRef.current.value = "" + } finally { + clearInterval(progressInterval); } } @@ -136,6 +166,46 @@ export default function StudentsPage() { .finally(() => setLoading(false)) }, []) + const exportCSV = () => { + if (filtered.length === 0) { + alert("No data to export"); + return; + } + const headers = ["Name", "Email", "Phone", "Plan", "Target", "Tests Taken", "Accuracy", "Streak", "Joined Date", "Status"]; + const csvRows = [headers.join(",")]; + + filtered.forEach(s => { + const status = s.is_active !== false ? "Enabled" : "Disabled"; + const date = formatDate(s.created_at); + const plan = s.tier; + const target = s.target_exam; + const row = [ + `"${s.name}"`, + `"${s.email || ''}"`, + `"${s.phone || ''}"`, + `"${plan}"`, + `"${target}"`, + s.total_tests || 0, + `${s.avg_accuracy || 0}%`, + s.streak_count || 0, + `"${date}"`, + `"${status}"` + ]; + csvRows.push(row.join(",")); + }); + + const csvContent = csvRows.join("\r\n"); + const blob = new Blob([csvContent], { type: 'text/csv;charset=utf-8;' }); + const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob); + const link = document.createElement("a"); + link.setAttribute("href", url); + link.setAttribute("download", "students_export.csv"); + document.body.appendChild(link); + link.click(); + document.body.removeChild(link); + URL.revokeObjectURL(url); + } + const filtered = students.filter(s => { const searchMatch = (s.name || "").toLowerCase().includes(search.toLowerCase()) || @@ -162,25 +232,43 @@ export default function StudentsPage() { {loading ? "Loading..." : `${students.length} students enrolled`}

-
- {selectedIds.length > 0 && ( - - )} - - - - +
+
+ {selectedIds.length > 0 && ( + + )} + + + + +
+ Max 500 students per upload +
- + + {isUploading && ( +
+
+ Parsing and registering students... + Estimated time: ~{uploadTimeLeft}s +
+
+
+
+
+ )}
@@ -212,7 +300,6 @@ export default function StudentsPage() { > - @@ -336,3 +423,4 @@ export default function StudentsPage() {
) } + diff --git a/src/app/dashboard/cbt/page.tsx b/src/app/dashboard/cbt/page.tsx index 19b3f42..63b5e48 100644 --- a/src/app/dashboard/cbt/page.tsx +++ b/src/app/dashboard/cbt/page.tsx @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ export default function CBTPage() { } return ( - + <>
@@ -360,6 +360,6 @@ export default function CBTPage() {
)}
- + ); } diff --git a/src/app/dashboard/page.tsx b/src/app/dashboard/page.tsx index 629c424..67dfe58 100644 --- a/src/app/dashboard/page.tsx +++ b/src/app/dashboard/page.tsx @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ "use client" import { fetchWithAuth } from "@/lib/apiClient"; +import Link from "next/link"; import { useRef, useState, useEffect } from "react" import { Card, CardContent, CardDescription, CardHeader, CardTitle } from "@/components/ui/card" import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge" @@ -14,6 +15,8 @@ export default function DashboardPage() { const { user, userId, loading: userLoading, hasAccessTo, trialInfo } = useActiveUser() const [userStats, setUserStats] = useState(null) const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true) + const [dpps, setDpps] = useState([]) + const [cbts, setCbts] = useState([]) const [downloading, setDownloading] = useState(false) const [shareMenuOpen, setShareMenuOpen] = useState(false) const progressRef = useRef(null) @@ -25,20 +28,26 @@ export default function DashboardPage() { setLoading(false) return } - async function fetchStats() { + async function fetchStatsAndTests() { try { - const res = await fetchWithAuth(`/api/users/${currentUserId}/stats`) - if (res.ok) { - const data = await res.json() - setUserStats(data) - } + const pattern = user?.target_exam || "JEE_Main"; + const [statsRes, dppRes, cbtRes] = await Promise.all([ + fetchWithAuth(`/api/users/${currentUserId}/stats`), + fetchWithAuth(`/api/tests?type=DPS&exam_pattern=${pattern}`), + fetchWithAuth(`/api/tests?type=Mock&exam_pattern=${pattern}`) + ]); + + if (statsRes.ok) setUserStats(await statsRes.json()); + if (dppRes.ok) setDpps((await dppRes.json()).slice(0, 2)); + if (cbtRes.ok) setCbts((await cbtRes.json()).slice(0, 2)); + } catch (e) { - console.error("Failed to load user stats", e) + console.error("Failed to load user data", e) } finally { setLoading(false) } } - fetchStats() + fetchStatsAndTests() }, [userLoading, user?.id, userId]) const getShareUrl = () => { @@ -227,61 +236,29 @@ export default function DashboardPage() {
- - -
-
- -
-
-

Physics: Rotational Dynamics

-

20 Questions • High Priority

-
-
- - - - - {hasAccessTo("topic-wise-microtests-unlimited") ? ( - - -
-
- + {dpps.length > 0 ? ( + dpps.map((dpp) => ( + + +
+
+ +
+
+

{dpp.title}

+

{dpp.total_time} Minutes • {dpp.difficulty || "Medium"} Priority

+
-
-

- {isNeet ? "Biology: Human Physiology" : "Maths: Integral Calculus"} -

-

30 Questions • Medium Priority

-
-
- - - + + + + + + )) ) : ( - - -
-
- -
-
-

- {isNeet ? "Biology: Human Physiology" : "Maths: Integral Calculus"} -

-

Pro Feature

-
-
- - - +

No DPPs scheduled for today.

)}
@@ -293,38 +270,33 @@ export default function DashboardPage() { Upcoming CBTs
- -
-
-
- Mock Test - Tomorrow, 10:00 AM -
-

{isNeet ? 'NEET Mock Test 4' : 'JEE Mock Test 4'}

-

- 180 Minutes • 720 Marks -

-
- -
- {hasAccessTo("weekly-test-series") ? ( -
-
-

Part Test 3: Mechanics

-

Oct 24, 2026

-
- -
+
+ {cbts.length > 0 ? ( + cbts.map((cbt, idx) => ( + +
+
+
+ {cbt.exam_pattern} + {cbt.scheduled_date ? new Date(cbt.scheduled_date).toLocaleDateString() : 'Available Now'} +
+

{cbt.title}

+

+ {cbt.total_time} Minutes • {cbt.difficulty || 'Medium'} +

+
+ + + +
+ + )) ) : ( -
-
-

Part Test 3: Mechanics

-

Oct 24, 2026

-
- Pro Only -
+ +

No upcoming CBTs at the moment.

+ )} - +
@@ -340,3 +312,4 @@ export default function DashboardPage() { ) } +